THE EFFECT OF ENERGY SOURCES, DISCHARGE AND DRIP IRRIGATION TUBE TYPES ON SOME SOIL PHYSICALLY PROPERTIES AND SUNFLOWER YIELD

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of operated pumpenergy sources, discharge and drip irrigation tube types on some soil physicallyproperties and sunflower yieldin the farm of indicative desert / KarbalaGovernorate during the growing season of 2015. A pump operated by an electricengine supplied with electricity by battery charged with solar energy, electricengine supplied with electricity by battery charged with wind energy, internalcombustion engine use gasoline (petrol) and internal combustion engine use biofuel (90% gasoline + 10% ethanol) which represented main plot, two dischargesincluded 3.5 and 1.8 m3.h-1 which represented sub plot, and drip irrigation tubetypes included GR and T-tubes which represented sub sub plot, were used inthis experiment. Soil bulk density, dripper water distribution uniformity, plantheight, and yields were measured in this experiment. Split-split plot arrangementunder randomized complete bloke design(RCBD)with three replications wasused in this experiment. Least significant differences under 0.05 level (L.S.D =0.05) were used to compare the treatments mean. The results showed that nosignificant differences for using different sources of energy on all the studiedproperties.3.5 m3.h-1discharge got higher soil moisture content stood 17.08%,andthe highest soil bulk density 1.371 Mg.m-3, and the highest dripper waterdistribution uniformity stood 89.06%, and the higher plant height155.34 cm,andhigher sunflower yields 3.56 tons hect-1.GR tube treatment showed the superiorin achieving higher soil bulk density 1.363 Mg.m-3, and higher dripper waterdistribution uniformity 87.82%, and higher plant height165.01 cm, and highersunflower yields 3.66 tons hect-1,Triple interaction between energy source forengine operated by wind or solar energy or bio-fuel ,3.5m3.h-1discharge and GRtube got higher, higher dripper water distribution uniformity 90.82%, highersunflower height169.00 cm, and higher sunflower yields stood 3.89tons hect-1withlow cost.