Hydrographic field in the writings of Arab geographers since the beginning of the fifth century Immigration until the end of the seventh century Migration

Abstract

In spite of the epiphany of Greek philosophers and geographers, the geographical knowledge and the scientific revolution of Muslim scholars subsequently gave geography and geographical thought an important place in the scientific contributions of the later Arabs. Al-Biruni is the first to explain the distribution of the seas It is also the first to establish an arithmetic base for flattening the ball, ie transferring the lines and maps from the ball to a flat surface, and vice versa, indicating the proportion of land to water, thus facilitating the mapping of geographical areas. Enabled in the twelfth century, from the discovery of the headwaters of the Nile River and followed by syphilis scientific additions value when a difference between the reasons for the concentration of salt between the sea and the lastWhile recent studies have attributed the phenomenon of tides to Newton and the law of gravity, we find that the Caspian in the thirteenth century AD, which is a period of time varied in the directions of geography in the Arabs, discusses the issue of a constant law is unchanged and unrelated to the movement of the moon, as well as The reasons for the formation of the rivers and attributed to the rain and snow falling on the highlands, and draws sapphire Hamawi studies to arrive at the theory that water form three quarters of the globe, and thus prepare every time period from the fifth century AH (atheist tenth century) to the seventh century AH (thirteenth century) SH Dated in modern geographical trends.