The Ameliorating Effect of Nigella Sativa Seeds against Chlorpyrifos Poisoning in Local Layer Hens

Abstract

The use of pesticides has beneficial control of pests but it causing the damaging pollution to the environment. There are increasing successful efforts to minimize the destroying influence of these chemical on the life of laying hens. Here, the study was intended to explore the proposed effect of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds on local laying hens that were experimentally exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) poisoning in Al-Diwaniyah province. A population of 40 hens was randomly recruited as 10 birds per group. T1 group was treated daily (3.42) mg/kg B.W orally with CPF only, T2 group was treated together with 20 mg/kg NS seeds by diet and CPF (3.42) mg/kg B.W orally, T3 group was previously treated with20mg/kg NS by diet for 14 day followed together for 4 weeks by the oral use of CPF and NS by diet at same dose , C the control group no treatment received. The experiment continued for 30 days and followed by submitting blood and tissue samples to biochemical analyses and histopathological examination. In a comparison to the C, the result reveals that T1 had significant increases in Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT )enzymes (P<0.05) with no significant differences in Alkaline phosphatase (AIP) level (P>0.05). T2 and T3 didn’t show any significant differences in the levels of all the liver enzymes (P>0.05) when compared to C. According to the comparison with C, T1 shows high significant differences in the level of Uric Acid, Creatinine, Triglyceride, and Total Protein while T2 reveals significant increases in the levels of Creatinine and Total Protein only (P<0.05). Interestingly, T3 doesn't show any statistical differences when compared to C. Histopathological changes in T1 include necrotic areas and deposition of hemosiderin in the spleen, destruction of the intestinal mucosa, edema and hemorrhage in the lung, degeneration of ciliated columnar epithelium, and proventricular infiltration of inflammatory cells between follicles. T2 shows mild depletion of white pulp and proliferation of red pulp in the spleen, extended and thinner intestinal villi with mild desquamation of epithelial cells with little hemorrhage, and congested with some hemorrhage plus mild thickening of interstitial tissue in the lung. T3 reveals splenic proliferation of white pulp with small and thickened arteriolar walls, proliferation of red pulp, normal extended intestinal villi, and mild congestion with mild alveolar emphysema in the lung. C reveals normal tissue without any changes. The study result comes to enhance the laying hen industries and provide future interests to supply NS as an additional or main part of the ration to prevent the poisoning effects of this chemical.