Hydro Chemical and Some Biological Properties and Pollution Level in Water of Euphrates River for Ramadi city, W–Iraq

Abstract

This is a study of the hydro chemical aspects of the Euphrates at Ramadi town, west of Iraq. Main elements were measured at 6 sites. Results show that the type of river water is Na–SO4-Cl. Taste and smell of water undergo a slight change. Acid range is 8,3–7,6 whereas hardness is high which is 403.5mg/l in comparison with the permitted level which is 150mg/l. This is due to the geology of the river basin, human pollution, and scarcity of river water. Its on the agricultural level. Some ather aspects are normal whereas others are within the higher limits allowed weather for drinking or agriculture. Biological aspects were also studied. There was an organic pollution in the river water by calculating the most important criterion of environmental pollution which is solving oxegyn O.D. Its range was 5-9mgL-1 while the permitted level is 8-15mgL-1. Whereas B. O. D. was 2-8 mg L-1 while the permitted is less than 5 mgL-1. Due to the decrease in O.D and the increase in B. O. D. in some results , there was an environmental pollution because of the increase in the concentration of the solving H2S to more than 1 mgL-1 in some samples. There was also a high rise in the concentration of Nitrates that reaches as high as 102-164 mgL-1 and this is the double of what is permitted internationally (<50 mgL-1). There is also an increase in the concentration of Phosphate, which ranges from 0.06 to 0.78mgL-1. All these factors led to the activation of organic processes, a change in some of the river physical aspects, and the appearance of a green coat of moss in some of the river coasts. There was also found a disease bacteria of type coliform and E-coli that exceeded 23/100mL. This shows a dangerous bacterial pollution which results from the absence of any processing of the Wastewater pouring into the river, either directly or indirectly. This includes swage water, septic tanks, fertilizers, and irrigation due to the weakness or lack of environmental watching on rivers in the area .