الانتقالات الالكترونيه المباشرة لأغشية ZnO والمشوب بالمنغنيز والمحضرة بطريقة التحلل الكيميائي الحراري

Abstract

A simple formula has been developed to predict specific volume V; internal energy U; enthalpy H and entropy S of saturated steam. The use of this formula reflects a good result under saturated steam conditions. In order to obtain this reliable model for the calculating these thermodynamic prosperities (V, U, H and S), the same formula type is established. The formula can be used to calculate the V, U, H and S values for a given saturated temperature with the corresponding saturated pressure. Also an analysis for application of the proposed formula has been made ,where the over all absolute average percentage error are for specific volume (0.69%),internal energy (0.58%) , enthalpy (0.64%) and entropy (0.39%) for 71 data points of each thermodynamic property (V,U,H and S).