Abstract The present study aims at identifying the distinguished student's level of Optimism and Pessimism and their ordinary peers. The level of aspiration and the relationship between Optimism and pessimism and its direction. It also aims at uncovering the differences according to the sex variable and the differences between distinguished students and their peers. The study goals were achieved by measuring Optimism and pessimism and the level of aspiration of the sample. The sample comprises 200 students (male/female): 100 distinguished students and 100 ordinary students among Mosul secondary school students. Al-Hakkak's measure of Optimism and pessimism and Rasool's (1984) aspiration level measure were used. The superficial logical validity for the two measure was tested by presenting them to a committee of experts and specialists while consistency was tested by retesting method. The data were statistically processed by computer (SPSS) represented by the mathematical average, correlative factor, t-test and differential analysis. The findings of the study show that the sample of study enjoys a general level of optimism despite the significant differences between the members of the sample according to the sex variable and between the distinguished and ordinary students. It was also found out that there is a positive correlation between Optimism and pessimism and the level of aspiration of the students. However there was no significant conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract It is an interesting feature to notice the phoneme /q/ in the spoken Arabic of Aljazeera Algharbya villages becomes /g/ in comparison to other important dialects spoken nearby. As a matter of fact the spoken Arabic in this area differs from Mosuli and Tikrti Arabic although it is located round and along the high way between them. (the analysis of particular areas of interplay is between Morphology and Phonology). The way in which phonemes or ( a set of distinctive features) interact or vary within the overall levels of organization of this branch is called phonemic which refers to phonology. Al-Ani(1978:106) who states that that it is interesting to note the phoneme/q/ is the reflex of the phonemes/g/, /k/and /j/. This is a clear indication that the phoneme/q/ is not original and its use is due to the influence of the Arabic spoken nearby. The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of the phoneme /q/ by shedding light on the phonemic status of differentiation to prove that this phoneme is changeable in its use through the daily conversation.