غير متوفرة

Abstract This research attempts to shed light on Amida, the largest of Diar Baker's cities, It aims at studying it, geographical location, name, design and the way the city was conquered by Muslim Arab and their settlement there until the coming of 363H./974 A.D. This due the importance it had among the other cities in AL-Thughur facing the Byzantine state.الملخص يسعى هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على مدينة آمد اكبر مدن ديار بكر الجزرية، ولمعرفة موقعها وتسميتها وتخطيطها وطريقة فتحها على يد العرب المسلمين واستقرارهم بها حتى سنة 363هـ/ 974م، ولما تشكله من أهمية من بين المدن الأخرى الواقعة في الثغور المواجهة للدولة البيزنطية.

غير متوفرة

Abstract Politics legitimate discretion tool which can be used by the Governor (originality if he can consult or by the advice of the scientists). He can be empowered by noting variables of the facts and circumstances with a suitable manner appropriate to the reality of each individual without a work which hurts the text or cancel it, and this What clearly visible in the applications of the Prophet and then his successors which is a base of the work of discretion at all times and judges under the tent of any legislative system, so the judge may interprets wide interpretations and may construe that text has in a manner that achieve the benefit and reserve to the text its inviolability and prestige, we seek the basis of that in (Politics legitimacy) that good source of investigation, who was born and grew up in the arms of Islamic jurisprudence, with application and science, the research sheds light on the politics and groping controls and its implications in the area of Islamic jurisprudence and law.الخلاصة السياسة الشرعية مكنة اجتهادية بيد ولي الأمر (أصالة إن كان مجتهدا او باستشارة أهل الحل والعقد) تخوله ملاحظة متغيرات الوقائع ومستجدات الظروف بحيث يتولى تطبيق النص على تلك الوقائع والمستجدات بطريقة تناسب كل واقع على حده دون أن يشكل عمله هذا هدرا للنص أو إلغاءا له، وهذا ما نلمسه بوضوح في تطبيقات النبي ثم من بعده خلفاءه الراشدين وهو ما يشكل ركيزة لعمل المجتهدين في كل زمان وللقضاة تحت خيمة أي نظام تشريعي، فالقاضي قد يفسر النص تفسيرا واسعا وقد يؤول ذلك النص بطريقة تحقق المصلحة وتحفظ للنص حرمته وهيبته وإننا نتلمس أساس ذلك في (السياسة الشرعية) ذلك المصدر الاجتهادي الخصب الذي ولد وترعرع في أحضان الفقه الإسلامي علما وتطبيقا، وهذا البحث يسلط الضوء على تلك السياسة ويتلمس ضوابطها وآثارها في مجال الفقه الإسلامي والقانون.

Abstract The Role of Social Capital in changing leaders in involving the forces which restrict changes. A study of opinions academic heads of departments in Mosul University and Mosul Technical Institute. The modest investigation of social capital made by the researcher showed that there were few studies which tackled this subject on the Iraqi organization level, this lead the researcher to study the place of secret power of social capital and trying to draw its indicators and showing its effect within the framework the forces that restriction the change the results assured these facts and cleaning then the importance of social capital of the leaders change to involve the forces that restrict the change.الملخص قادت عملية الاطلاع المتواضع للباحث عن موضوع رأس المال الاجتماعي وتأثيراته عن قلة الدراسات التي تناولته على مستوى المنظومات العراقية، الأمر الذي وضع الباحث أمام رهان تجلى في ضرورة سعيه لاكتشاف مكامن القوة الخفية لرأس المال الاجتماعي ومحاولة رسم مؤشراته وبيان تأثيراته في إطار القوى المعيقة للتغيير، وقد جاءت النتائج معبرة عن ذلك ومؤشرة لأهمية رأس المال الاجتماعي لقادة التغيير في احتواء القوى المعيقة للتغيير.

ABSTRACT The Glorious Qur’an maintains the highest possible standard of rhetoric in its speech, to the extent that it is impossible to find its parallel in human works. Muslims consider the Qur'an as miraculous and inimitable in that the Qur'anic text cannot be reproduced in another language or form. Furthermore, an Arabic word may have a range of meanings depending on the context, to the extent that not a single word in the Qur'an can be exchanged for another without affecting the depth of meaning conveyed by the original word. This paper deals with one of these miraculous characters, that lies in the different forms of verbs that shift from a tense to another within the same verse. The paper is presented in three main sections, an introduction and conclusions. The introduction summarizes the views of Muslim writers and exegeses on such linguistic phenomenon, which they call Iltifat. The first section discusses the tense shift in English preceded by definitions of some basic terms. The second section deals with the occurrence of the present verb after the past tense in the same verse, giving sufficient examples from the glorious Qur'an and shedding light on the rhetorical purposes behind such uses. The third section discusses the reversing of the present –future tense, where the past tense is used to express present or future. The purposes and the contexts of such uses are clarified in this section. At the end of the paper, there are the major findings that the researcher has reached at.