Pearling profession in Bahrain and the Gulf region in general occupied an important place in the region's economic and social modern history, before the discovery of oil during the twenties of the last century. This study shed light on the nature of this profession and working conditions of its staff to accomplish a task which is not easy, but drained the effort and made a great sacrifices, the study material distributed on six main axes, included the definition with the natural tenets of diving industry in Bahrain, evoking and preparing the profession required equipment, with determining the work cadres and distributing the tasks, with reference to the work practices and daily ritual, I also defined with the diving four seasons in terms of features and characteristics, then showed their social, economic, and Implications on the Bahraini society, and presented at the end of the study the visions aimed to re-interest with this cultural heritage of Bahrain, the study also strengthened by the extension of demonstration images that represent work details in the diving industry.

The Merchant of Venice has been considered a tragicomedy by many critics. But the author William Shakespeare defined it as a comedy proper as shown in its first Quaro. It must be mentioned here that the opinions of great critics cannot be opposed in this respect. This research paper displays an analytical and critical presentation which proves the hypothesis that the play is both a tragicomedy and a comedy proper. Furthermore, the research paper sheds light on the idea that the play can be regarded as a romance as well.

El signo lingüístico es una base fundamental en el proceso de la traducción. Pero, ¿son las teorías tradicionales sobre el significado o el signo lingüístico suficientes para evaluar las traducciones, asimismo para evaluar el trabajo de un traductor, ayudándole para llevar a cabo su trabajo, etc.? En nuestra investigación intentaremos ofrecer respuestas a todas estas preguntas a través de una teoría nueva sobre el significado y el signo lingüístico “El Esquema Básico de la referencia”.

In an age that reinforces a culture of war and faith in military violence as means to resolve social and political conflicts, William Edgar Stafford (1914 – 1993), National Book Award winner and poet Laureate, stands as a prolific pacifist American poet whose both life and anti-war poetry carried a diligent endeavor to articulate a vision of a ‘beloved community’. From World War II until his death in 1993, his conviction of peace remained solid and his belief in the futility of wars did not change. A Conscientious Objector, Stafford registered himself as a pacifist along with Robert Lowell (1917-1977) and William Everson (1912-1994), the civilian poets who played an essential role in shaping and representing American anti-war poetry of World War II. He knew that he could not stop war but through his art he sought to implement a culture of peace, a new home, a universe of human fellowship whose members choose to preserve life rather than put an end to it and restore the image of a land that bombing destroyed. Throughout his fifty-year literary career, he advocated pacifism and consistently argued that it is crucial to act independently when violence rules and to speak for reconciliation when nations fight. How Stafford confronted and defied a history of the so-called inevitable wars, the powers of modernism, militarism, and war propaganda as well as the traditional portrayal of the bitter-beauty horror of war within his pacifist poetics is the basic question this paper tends to answer. Whether he was a starry-eyed idealist or a realist in arguing for strife free nation is another question to be answered.

This paper deals with lexical cohesion as an effective means in forming a text. It analyses the types of lexical cohesive ties in two matched English and Arabic literary texts. The lexical cohesive ties are investigated within their two main categories: reiteration and collocation. The paper has come up with some findings from which are those that validate the first three postulated hypotheses like: a) the ratio of reiteration in Arabic literary texts is higher than in English literary texts (84.210% to 70.10%), b) the recurrence of Arabic words repetition is higher than that of English (52.226% to 43.478%), c) the occurrence of synonymy in English text is higher than that in Arabic texts (15.217% to 9.716%). d)The fourth postulated hypothesis proved invalid: the claim that lexical cohesive ties are denser in English literary texts than in Arabic literary texts. One of the main objectives of this study rests on the desire of investigating the reliability of cohesion to be applied on Arabic language, not only on English as Halliday and Hasan's 1976 Cohesion in English suggests, and that lexical recurrence is common in English and Arabic. Other objectives are embodied in its hypotheses.

Played political influences and successive crises role in aborting all development plans that the Iraqi people sought and needed government continued repeating failures, not even increased them to take decisions urgent and development has become a fantasy to be realized in this country, which has become his government is not based or based on political base Popular contrary, led to enter Iraq in more than a war, ending a political era and management judgment led occupation forces and successive Iraqi governments after, it was the results almost completely destroyed the infrastructure and the disruption in production and high rates of unemployment and widespread poverty among members of the community as well as the deterioration of security witnessed by the Iraqi arena and which led to the paralysis of the joints economic and disrupt public life in different parts of Iraq, and now the Iraqi economy is weak does not meet the ambitious governments and Iraqi institutions and thus prove the hypothesis search that factor political instability effect in delayed development programs.

The study has conducted because of fast wide spreading of non domestic tree species. It concluded two parts; The first was obtained literature data collections related with environment, taxonomy, characteristics, propagation, and species distribution. The second involved a field study in the middle region of Iraq where the species was spread out. Two locations ( in and out the city), and two ages ( one and three years) were studied through the cold season ( begin of November to end of April). Result approved the species tolerance to the different dominant soil textures and levels of salinity. It was faster in growth than the other cultivated fast growing trees. Low temperature affected significantly the growth and survival. Few degrees below zero centigrade’s resulted in a vital rates of deterioration for older shrubs and death of young seedlings. The effects were more obvious out of the city. Older shrubs could restart growth again where conditions improved. In contract, plants tolerated very high levels of maximum temperatures ( more than 50°C) during summer months preceding to study. Some conclusions and recommendations were created for scientific dealing with this recently introduced plant.

This research is concerned with the differences and similarities between population of Iraq and Iran from political geography perspective. To view this comparative it is related to the size of population and its structures, especially national, environmental and educational structure for Iraq and Iran . The analysis demonstrate the population of both states have similar features in the growth average of size population, educational structure and have some relative differences in the number and size of urban centers and national construction .

The idea of this research is to show how Laurence Sterne appears as a misogynist, a women hater in his novel, Tristram Shandy which is written during the 1760s in the eighteenth century. It shows this through different ways : first by pointing to the voice Sterne uses in narrating Tristram Shandy's story in addition to the kind of his readers – he is biased to male readers in specific when he uses bawdy words, having direct or indirect sexual connotations that stir sexual caprice in males , second by measuring the space given to human female, and by studying the way she is presented by the author if she is given any role to mention in comparison to the way her counterpart is portrayed, and third by referring to the nature of Sterne's relationships with women in his life, which point to the psychological motive behind his misogyny .

From his earliest works to his most recent novel, A Lesson before Dying, the afro–American writer, Ernest Gaines consistently writes about people who face the problems of being denied humanity, dignity and self–worth. In A Lesson before Dying, Gaines picks up this theme as the narrator of the story, Grant Wiggins, takes on the responsibility of convincing Jefferson, a non-educated labourer who has been sentenced to death for a murder he did not commit, that he is a “man” and not a hog as his white attorney declared. The paper illustrates one man's struggle to gain recognition of his humanity and how this recognition will initiate a change in the community.

The scientific terms are considered as the corner stone of the language in the world. If we form any scientific term for the social, political, economic and scientific concepts of life, the language will be authourized to face all the new terms that are introduced into any language daily. That is why the scientific terms must receive agreat interest .Then; scientific studies should be carried out in that field so that the terminologhcal issues could be solved through the morphological rules allowing the formation of words and terms. Concerning Kurdish language, it has passed through some difficult stages .Thus , it is impoverished in comparison with the other languages because of the lack of liberal entity , unified lexicography, and a cademic institution .That is why any Kurdish individual and the authority must work together in the field of terminology to form new words and terms for the newly intvoduced concepts. The resurrection of Kurdish culture, old and new scripts and books are regarded as a rich source of terms that are used daily. Then, Kurdish experts, kurdish syndicates and acadernic institutions should particpate in this attempt. Kurdish language has proved that it is able to be used in all the academic fields . Thus, it refuted the idea that Kurdish language is the language of poetry and literature only , not the language of natural sciences and scientific affairs. In fact, any language which is used for generating ideas is the language of borrowing, expressing and composing concepts. This paper dealing with the scientific terms in Kurdish language is divided in to two sections. The first section tackles the historical stages of developing terminology and the relation between terminological meaning and linguistic meaning. The second section is about the issues of scientific terms in Kurdish language and the importance of terms in Kurdish language.

The paper aimes to the hature of change and development to whiche the descriptive ،Biblogarphy rules have been submitted and what are the latest rules resulted from that change and what are the Arabic efforts which contributes to that development , the cadastral method has been used in collecting data and analyzing them, as well as using data forms, which deal with descriptive bibliography subject and there rules and also meeting the employers in the artistry procedure department in our university libraries which is focus of the paper The paper has many results 1-The appellative attributive bibliography rules are not stable ones, but thy have been submitted to review, change development, continually, so we final that these rules are regarded as part of them and represent its third experimentalism print 2- Though many of the workers in the bibliography department are expert in data and libraries along with their long experience but, they suffer from not knowing the modern development in such a field Recommendation 1-Expert must use the helpful meansin applyingthe appellative bibliography rules (interpretive books, proofs) in order to show and interpret the rules in simple method 2-The necessity of making workers participate in the exercising programmers to apply the rules and use them worldly to make contact with different experiencesin this field