The present study has been out to examine macroscopic structure of the primary bronchi and lung in Bee-eaters bird ( Merops orientalis) observed exist within the rib cage, the distal part of the trachea are divided into two primary bronchi (left and right) and the macroscopic appearance of the primary bronchi consists of a short tube extend caudally from syrinx to enter the proximal third of the visceral surface of the lungs through the hilus. The basic unit consisting of the primary bronchi are cartilaginous rings which takes - C - shape. The mean total length of left and right primary bronchi are (1.025 ± 0.15 cm) and (1.075 ± 0.14 cm); and the number of cartilaginous rings in left and right primary bronchi are ( 18.5 ± 0.50) and (18.5 ± 1.50). The lungs are small, pyramidal-shaped, unlobed, bright pink color, and surrounded by thin colorless membrane the pleura and the air sacs. The lung containstwo surfaces (dorsal and ventral), two borders ( medial and lateral) and two extremities ( proximal and distal ). The mean total length, width and thickness of the right lung are (1.77 ± 0.17 cm), (0.95 ± 0.15 cm) and (0.4 ± 0.10 cm) while the mean total length, width and thickness of the left lung are (1.6 ± 0.15 cm ), ( 0.9 ± 0.14 cm )and (0.37 ± 0.02 cm ).

Lower respiratory tract --- Primary bronchi --- Bee-eater bird .

Abstract: The present study included ten specimens of adult pigeon wood (Columba palumbus) collected from market of Al-Diwanyia city, divided the specimens into two groups five specimens for grossly study and five specimens for histological study. Opened the birds and extracted the right and left bronchi and left and right lungs for the purpose of grossly and histological studies. The study included grossly study for external bronchi. The total length of left bronchi was ( 0.7 ± 0.1 cm ) and right bronchi was ( 0.65 ± 0.05 cm ) and the basic structure of bronchi was the cartilage has – C – shape, also determine relationship bronchi with the neighboring organs. The grossly study involved the lungs right and left, it is found that the lung has two surfaces ( Costal and Visceral ) and two ends ( Distal and Proximal ) also detected relation to organs nearby, found that the average length of the right lung was ( 2.8 ± 0 cm ) while left lung was ( 2.75 ± 0.05 cm ) and average width of right lung was ( 2.45 ± 0.65 cm ) while the left lung was ( 2.7 ± 0.7 cm ). The histological study involves the histological description of external and internal bronchi of the left and right lungs.

الخلاصة: شملت الدراسة الحالية عشرة عينات من حمام الغابة (Columba palumbus) جمعت من أسواق مدينة الديوانية وقسمت العينات إلى مجموعتين خمسة عينات للدراسة العيانية وخمسة عينات للدراسة النسجية. شرحت الطيور واستخرجت القصبات الخارجية والرئتين اليمنى واليسرى لغرض الدراستين العيانية والنسجية. تضمنت الدراسة دراسة عيانية للقصبات الخارجية وبلغ طول القصبة اليسرى( 0.7 ± 0.1 cm ) بينما القصبة اليمنى كانت( 0.65 ± 0.05 cm) ,أن الوحدة البنائية للقصبات الأولية هي الغضاريف الزجاجية على شكل حرف – C - وعلاقتها مع الأعضاء المجاورة كما شملت الدراسة الرئتين اليمنى واليسرى ووجد أن الرئة تملك سطحين ( ضلعي و حشوي ) ونهايتين ( قاصية و دانية ) وعلاقتها بالأعضاء المجاورة ووجد أن معدل متوسط طول الرئة اليمنى كان ( 2.8 ± 0.01 cm ) بينما الرئة اليسرى ( 2.75 ± 0.05 cm ) ومعدل متوسط عرض الرئة اليمنى كان( 2.45 ± 0.65 cm ) بينما الرئة اليسرى ( 2.7 ± 0.7 cm ) . تناولت الدراسة النسجية الوصف النسجي للقصبات خارج وداخل الرئتين والوصف النسجي للرئتين اليمنى واليسرى.

Keyword: Primary bronchi --- Lung --- Wood pigeon --- Grossly --- Microscopic.