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Background: Bone is essentially a highly vascular, living, constantly changing mineralized connective tissue. It isremarkable for its hardness, resilience and regenerative capacity, as well as its characteristic growth mechanisms.This study aimed to:1. To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein7 (BMP7) on bone healing in artificially created intrabonydefect in rabbits upper diastema, histologically.2. To study the immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β3 and IGF-1R as bone formation markers in experimentaland control groups during bone healing.Material and method: Forty male rabbits, was used in this study, 8 rabbits for each healing interval (3 days, 1,2 ,4 and6 weeks). In each rabbit two bone holes were created on the right and left sides of the maxilla.BMP7 was applied tothe bone hole in the left side while bone hole in the right left for normal healing. Routine processing and sectioningtechnique performed for histological evaluation. Immunohistochemical analysis utilized to localize the expression ofTGF-β3 and IGF-1R in experimental and control groups for all animals.Results: Histological findings indicated that bone defect coated with BMP7 illustrated an early bone formation,mineralization and maturation in comparison to control group. Immunohistochemical findings revealed high positiveexpression for TGF-B3 and IGF-1R in experimental in comparison to control group.Conclusion: The study concluded that BMP7 protein enhance bone healing and maturation, also it regulate theexpression of TGF-B3 and IGF1R in bone.

Bone --- Bone morphogenetic protein7 --- Transforming growth factor beta3 --- Insulin growth factor-1receptor