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The aim of this work is to study thebonding mechanism and the microstructure of copper to steel welded by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). The electrodes that used are ECuSi and ECuSn8thenthe examination of microstructure by optical microscopic, it is clearlyobserved that the copper side are completely interfering with epitaxial growth when using ECuSn8 but the side of steel reveal interaction waves at the interface with nonepitaxial growth. Some of fine cracks observed at the interface with ECuSi. The use of ECuSn8 explaininterfering fine blockes from the steel inside the fusion zone.
Bonding mechanism --- microstructure --- epitaxial growth --- nonepitaxial growth.
We enclose a case of essential hypertension in a 17
years old girl presented for the first time with
hypertensive encephalopathy. Various hematological,
biochemicals, hormonal and imaging studies failed to
explore underlying etiology. A possible correlate of
low birth weight and growth parameters with early
onset of essential hypertension was postulated.
Keywords: Hypertension, birth weight, growth
hypertention --- birth weight --- growth
The study includs,effect of concentration of Lead 0.2 ,0.3 , 0.5, 5 , 10 mg/L and Zinc 0.1,0.5 , 2 , 4 , 8 mg/L lonely or to gether on growth green algae( Scenedesmus quadricauda var . longispina) according to the total qauntity for the cells and the adsorption of the algae to the zn,pb concentration .growth curve and dubbling time growth were calculated with or without there heavy metals . Results shows that there are significant differences (P<0.01) for growth curve and the control. (7.5201 cell /h)and with dubbling times (9.87 cell/h). The heavy metals(Pb, Zn). shows antagonistic effect when both used in media.
تضمنت الدراسة تأثيرخمسة تراكيز من عنصرالرصاص (0.2 و0.3 و0.5 و5 و10 ملغم /لتر( وعنصر الزنك (0.1 و0.5 و2 و4 و8 ملغم /لتر( بشكل منفرد ومجتمع في نمو أحد أنواع الطحالب الخضر المسمى Scenedesmus quadricauda var . longispinaاعتماداً على العدد الكلي للخلايا والأمتصاصية ومنهما تم حساب معدلات النمو وزمن التضاعف بوجود أوعدم وجود العناصر(الرصاص والزنك) .أظهرت النتائج زيادةفي معدلات التثبيط مع زيادة مدة التعريض للعنصرين بالمقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة. وقد أظهرت نتائج التحليل الأحصائي وجود أختلافات معنوية ((P<0.01في دلائل النمو للطحلب إذ كان معدل النمو لمعاملة السيطرة (7.5201 خلية / ساعة (و معدل زمن تضاعف (9.87 خلية / ساعة (. عند دمج العنصرين ( الرصاص والزنك) فان معدل التثبيط خلال 24ساعة الأولى كان نمو طبيعياً وغير متاثر بينما ظهر التثبيط شدتة في الأيام الأحقة من التجربة وشهد التثبيط زيادة معنوية عند دمج العنصرين وهذا بفعل التأثير التضاديAntagonistic effect للعنصرين في معدلات نمو الطحلب إٍذ قل تأثيرهما مقارنة بتراكيزها المنفردة.
growth --- heavy metals --- Alga
Most of the drugs used in the treatment of leishmaniasis have side effects, there is a need for a safe and effective drugs, therefore, in the present study heterocyclic compound containing pyrimidine ring ( 3,4-Dihydro-4-(p-anisyl)-6-phenyl pyramidine-2-(1H)-one ) was synthesized, then tested for there antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes in vitro. The effect of the compound on the growth, generation number and generation time of the parasite was determined using concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 µg/ml.The effect of the compound concentration was found to be important to the parasite growth as the more the concentration the less the growth, generation number and increased the generation time. At the log phase the IC50 and IC90 were 2.5 and 10 µg/ml respectively and caused morphological distortions.The toxicity of the synthesized compound was determined using Balb/c mice model. Dixon's up and down method ( 1980 ) was found to have an LD50 of 642.5 mg / Kg of body weight.
أغلب الأدوية المستخدمة في معالجة داء اللشمانيا لها تأثيرات جانبية لذلك بات من الضروري وجود علاج آمن وفعال ضد هذا المرض ، في البحث الحالي تم تصنيع مركب يحوي على حلقة البريميدين ( 3 ، 4– داي هايدرو–4–(بارا–انيسايل )–6– فينايل بايريميدين–2–( 1H )– واحد ) ومن ثم اختباره وملاحظة فعاليته على نمو اللشمانيا الجلدية Leishmania tropica. تضمنت الدراسة تأثير المركب على النمو وعدد الجيل وزمن الجيل فضلاً عن المظهر الخارجي وأبعاد هذه الطفيليات إذ استخدمت تراكيز تراوحت ما بين 1 – 10 مايكروغرام / مل. أظهرت النتائج بأن هناك تأثير واضح على نمو الطفيليات إذ كلما زاد التركيز قل النمو وكذلك عدد الجيل فضلاً عن زيادة زمن الجيل ، وقد أظهرت النتائج بأن التركيز الذي يقتل 50% من الطفيليات IC50 هو 2.5 مايكروغرام / مل وأن التركيز القاتل لـ 90% من الطفيليات IC90 هو 10 مايكروغرام / مل عند الطور اللوغاريتمي من النمو والذي أدى إلى حدوث تغييرات واضحة في المظهر الخارجي. كذلك اختبرت سمية المركب المصنع باستخدام الفئران من نوع Balb/c بطريقة دكسون ( 1980 ) وقد ظهر بأن التركيز الذي يقتل 50% من الفئران هو 642.5 ملي غرام / كغم من وزن الجسم.
Phenyl pyrimidine --- Leishmania --- Growth.
ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Growth in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is influenced by several factors, they suffer the influence of the disease itself as long as there is proteinuria, caused by the increase of the glomerular permeability and leading to hypoproteinemia. The effects of the glucocorticoid treatment, which alters growth by a direct action on the growth cartilage, or via disturbances of growth factors. In this study we assess the effect of nephrotic syndrome, it's relapse rate and it's treatment (i.e. steroid), in the statural growth of steroid sensitive nephrotic patients.METHODS:A Prospective study of 110 steroid responsive nephrotic patients collected from AL- Kadhemia Teaching Hospital, Central Child Teaching Hospital, Child Wellfaire Teaching Hospital & AL-Karama Teaching Hospital. The study started from first of June 2005 to first of June 2006. Data collected as following: age, sex, date of first diagnosis, duration of disease, number of relapses per year, measurement of the height, weight and body mass index and sign of steroid toxicity.RESULTS:Total number of our patients were 110, 74(67.3%) were males and 36(32.7%) were females, with male to female ratio of 2:1. The age of our patients range from 2-18 years with a mean of 7.9+3.8 years.Thirty-one (28.2%) of them were with height below 3rd percentile for their age, 24(77.4%) were males and 7(22.6%) were females.Twenty- five (22.7%) patients were at pubertal age. Eighteen (72%) were males and 7(28%) were females, and 17(68%) of them have height below 3rd percentile.Seventy –six (69%) patients have their onset of the disease at age between 2 and 6 years. Forty-six (41.8%) of patients have disease duration of less than 3 years, 3 (6.5%) of them were have height below 3rd percentile, 46(41.8%) with duration of 3-6years, 14(30.4%) them were have height below 3rd percentile and 18(16.4%) with duration of more than 6 years, 14(77.8%) of them have height below 3rd percentile.Fifty-five (50%) patients had frequent relapses, twenty-seven (49.1%) of them have height below 3rd percentile, compared to 4(7.3%) of those with infrequent relapse had height below 3rd percentile.Forty-seven (42.7%) patients show sign of steroid toxicity(cushigoid facial appearance with or with out hypertention,obesity,hirsutism..etc) 25(53.2%) of them have height below 3rd percentile, compared to 6(9.5%) of those who have no sign of toxicity.CONCLUSSION:Nephrotic syndrome is a potentially chronic disease with patients suffering a relapsing course and being at risk of frequent courses of prednisolone therapy with increase the risk of growth delay especially in patients reaching pubertal age and still taking steroid therapy.
Growth Delay --- Steroid --- Nephrotic.
objective: to study the response of Growth hormone therapy in children with short staturedue to isolated growth hormone deficiency.Sample: six hundred forty eight patient with short stature were enrolled in this study.Method: six hundred forty eight patient with short stature attending Central Teaching Hospitalfor children Baghdad/ Iraq, were recorded and all patients were investigated to exclude otherdisease like diabetes, hypothyroidism, celiac disease, turner syndrome, renal failure,achondroplasia,..etc. with a total of 48 patients due to these causes were excluded from the study.So the remaining patients were 600 only those exposed to our study. All children investigated forgrowth hormone basal level and after provocation by clonidine done for one time .Results: We found that the basal level of growth hormone was less 0.5 microgram (μg)/liter (L),0.5 -1 μg/liter and more than 1 μg /liter in 25%, 38% and 37% respectively in our sample, whilethe results after provocation were less than 5, 5-10 and more than 10 μg /liter in 60%, 28% and12% respectively in our sample. The effect of growth hormone in one year therapy theincrement in height was less than 4 cm in 22% of our patients, from 4-8 cm in 50%, and morethan 8 cm in 28 % and we found that the male patients were 384(64%), and the female patientswere 216(36%),with peak difference between bone age and chronological age was more than 2year for both sex and most of the patientsُ age was more than 15 years.Conclusion: Most patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency had basal growth hormonelevel 0.5 – 1μg/L, while the provocation level was less than 5μg/L and the effect of growthhormone therapy on height maximally 4-8 cm in proximately 50% of the patients and more than8 cm in 28% after one year treatment. Patients with isolated Gh deficiency showed goodresponse to therapy with growth hormone recombinant in a dose 0.1 mg /kg /day
Gh --- Growth hormone
AbstractBackground: Children with cerebral palsy are frequently associated with poor growth mainly due to inadequate nutritional intake resulting from feeding difficulties. The majority of the studies on growth status of children with cerebral palsy had been performed in western countries.Objectives: To evaluate growth status of a sample of children with cerebral palsy.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study on 92 Iraqi children with cerebral palsy (52 males and 40 females). All the care givers were interviewed and anthropometric measurements of children were performed.Results: Mean age was 2.8±1.66 years with 17.4% of children were infants, 67.4% were less than 5 years of age, and 15.2% were 5 years and more. The percentage of weight for age, height for age, and weight for height z-scores under -2SD were 32.6%, 34.78%, and 11.95% respectively, and they were all higher among children of the older age group 5 years and more. Microcephally was present in 36.95% of cases, and macrocephally in 3.26% of cases. Conclusion: The study showed that the children with cerebral palsy suffer from growth retardation.Key words: Growth status, cerebral palsy
الملخص:المقدمة: لقد اثبتت الدراسات السابقة وخصوصا في البلدان الغربية ان الاطفال المصابين بالشلل الدماغي عادة ما يعانون من ضعف النمو والسبب الرئيسي في ذلك هو التغذية الغير كافية والناتجة عن صعوبة التغذية لدى هؤلاء الاطفالالهدف من الدراسة: لتقييم حالة النمو عند عينه من الأطفال العراقيين المصابين بالشلل الدماغي.الطريقة: دراسة وصفية ل اثنتان وتسعون حالة شلل دماغي (٥٢ ذكور,٤٠ إناث), ومتوسط العمر 2٫8±1٫66 سنه وبفئات عمرية ١٧٫٤٪ لدون السنة, ٦٧٫٤٪ لدون الخمس سنوات, ١٥٫٢٪ لمن هم بعمر خمس سنوات وأكثر. تم جمع المعلومات بالمقابلة الشخصية مع مرافقة الطفل (الأم), وتم قياس الوزن, الطول, ومحيط الرأس لجميع الأطفال.النتائج: أظهرت النتائج إن أوزان ٣٢٫٦٪ وأطوال ٣٤٫٧٨٪ هي دون الطبيعي لأعمارهم. وعند مقارنة الوزن بالطول فأن ١١٫٩٥٪ منهم كان دون الطبيعي وان محيط الرأس عند ٣٦٫٩٥٪ من الحالات كان دون الطبيعي, وفي ٣٫٢٦٪ فقط من الحالات كان أكثر من الطبيعي. الاستنتاج: يستنتج من الدراسة إن الأطفال المصابين بالشلل الدماغي يعانون من تأخر في النمو والذي يحتاج الى اهتمام غذائي وطبي .
Abstract:Back ground: This study, we evaluate the effectiveness of using recombinant GH for ten Achondroplastic children.Patient & method: the children. (7 females, 3 males) with typical features of achondroplasia, 4-14 years age, participated in this study. Physical and anthropometric measurements were taken every 3 moths, 12 months before and 12 months during GH therapy.Results: for children less than 10 year of age, the mean growth rate is increased from 3.4±0.4cm/year in the pretreatment period to 8±1.1 cm/year during the first year of GH treatment. For children more than 10 years of age, the mean growth rate is increased from 3.2± 0.6 cm/year in the pretreatment period to 5.6± 1.3 cm/year during the first year of GH treatment.Conclusion: this study and several other studies confirmed that GH therapy is beneficial in the treatment of short stature in children with Achondroplasia (during the first year of treatment), how ever, is still premature to conclude that the GH will improve the adult height.Key words: Growth hormone & achondroplasia
الملخص: هدف البحث : في هذه الدراسة تم تقييم استعمال هرمون النمو على عشرة اطفال مصابين بمرض الودانة.المرض وطريقة البحث: اشترك في هذا البحث عشرة اطفال ( 7 بنات وثلاثة اولاد) يحملون صفات الودانة النمطي. اعمارهم تتراوح بين (4-14) سنة.الفحص والقياسات البشرية: القياسات البشرية والفحص اجريت كل ثلاثة اشهر. اثنا عشر شهرا قبل واثناء عشر شهرا اثناء اعطاء العلاج.النتائج: ارتفع معدل النمو في الاطفال دون سن العشر سنوات من 3,4 سم في السنة في الفترة قبل مباشرة العلاج هلى 8سم في السنة خلال فترة العلاج.بينما ارتفع معدجل النمو في الاطفال بعد سن (10 سنوات ) من 3,2 سم / السنة في الفترة قبل العلاج الى 5,6 سم في السنة خلال فترة العلاج.الاستنتاج: هذا البحث وبحوث عديدة اخرى تؤكد ان علاج الاطفال المصابين بمرض الودانة بهرمون النمو ذو فائدة في السنة الاولى من بدأ العلاج ولكن لانستطيع التأكد بصورة قطعية عن فائدته عند البلوغ.
BSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Asthma is a chronic disease &the chronic disease states regardless etiology can cause growth failure ininfant &toddler. OBJECTIVE :To assess growth of asthmatic patients PATIENT AND METHODS: One hundred asthmatic children between (5-15 years) of age . Both asthmatic & control group studied in term of height, weight & Skin fold thickness, all anthropometric measurements of height, weight &skinfold thickness measured for both groups.RESULT: Height, weight &skin fold thickness were significantly retarded in asthmatic, the more severe thedisease &longer duration the more retardation in the height & weight.The height was affected more than the weight by the disease duration & severity .The diminution in skinfold thickness was retarded both with increase disease duration & severity but the female was lessretarded than male as the disease duration prolonged.CONCLUSION: All growth parameter (height, weight, SFT) affected by asthma (duration & severity), so the growthparameters can be used in asthmatic children to evaluate the effect of treatment
The process of developing the production sectors of the economy have become influential forces in most countries of the world, especially in developed countries, in particular developing countries in general, because they contribute to the economic growth of the country by providing the largest number of operating and the labor force and contribute to the value of Alantah GDP and other opportunities..Show Find a decrease percentage contribution of these sectors to the GDP results gradually, especially after the year 2003 and the fall of the regime, he is still Economics Rei (unilateral) Despite the availability of Almwardalaadidh and diverse potentials in it, therefore, the adoption of appropriate and effective for the state of the Iraqi economy and its sectors basic Strategies with the appropriate environment provides so would lead to reduce dependence on the oil sector in the formation of the gross domestic product and increase the proportion of the contribution of other economic sectors such as agriculture and industry which leads to raise the productivity of constituent economic sectors of the Iraqi economy and the thus increasing gross domestic product, which in turn addresses the problems that passes the Iraqi economy in general..
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