determination of radon gas concentrations in multistory buildings and outdoor in the Karbala University campus (Karbala-Iraq) were carried out by using Solid-state nuclear track detector (CR-39).The detectors were distributed over 20places(14 indoor and others outdoor). The area of the study includes College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, College of Pharmacy, College of Sciences, student's residence and the Central Library. The dosimetric measurements were made over a period of 3 months.(from 15 September to 14 December 2012). After exposure, the detectors were etched in a (NaOH) solution of normality (6.25 N) at temperature of 70 oC for 3 hours. The tracks were counted by the microscope track-counting system. The indoor radon gas concentrations were found to vary from 41.881 ± 2.463Bq/m3 to 95.642 ± 5.730 Bq/m3 with an average value and standard deviation of 70.358 Bq/m3and14.367Bq/m3 respectively. The outdoor air radon concentrations are ranged from 25.134 ± 1.783Bq/m3 to 28.594 ± 2.854Bq/m3 with an average value of 26.974 Bq/m3and standard deviation 1.155 Bq/m3. In the survey of radon concentration in multistory buildings was observed that the upper floor have lower radon concentration than the ground floor. It has found that, in general, the radon level in lower floors is higher than that in upper ones in all buildings. The annual effective dose to the population from the inhalation of radon was also estimated and this varied from 1.056 ± 0.062mSv/ y to 2.412 ± 0.144mSv/ y, with an average of1.774 mSv/y and standard deviation is 0.362mSv/ y. The ratio between indoor and outdoor radon concentration (mean value) in this study was about 3.The radon concentrations were found to be lower than the higher level recommended by ICRP ( 200 Bq/m3) and thus are within safe limits.

Natural radioactivity --- Radon --- indoor air --- Radon outdoor air --- Annual effective dose --- CR-39track detector --- environment --- Karbala University

AbstractThe present study aimed at detecting the side effect ofGlucophage on with diabetes with its both types , first and thesecond by applying it on the five tissue of white albino mice. Three doses were taken in this study of 50 100 and 150mg Kg for four weeks period . The results obtained showedthat the dose 150 mg had caused changes in the liver of themice , infiltration and congestion presence of edema fluidand changes in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte also occurred inthe liver of mice . The study came out with the result thatthe Glucophage drug should be taken in low doses that thepatients with diabetes . The study was carried out in thelaboratories of Karbala University .

الخلاصة :هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تأثير عقار الكلوكوفاج على مرضى السكر بنوعيهالاول والثاني عند تجربته على نسيج الكبد في الفئران البيضاء بأخذ ثلاث جرعاتمختلفة في هذه الدراسة وهي 50 و 100 و 150 ملغم /كغم لمدة اربعة اسابيع واظهرتالنتائج ان الجرعة 150 ملغم / كغم هي التي سببت تغيرات في كبد الفئران وقداستنتجت الدراسة ضرورة استعمال عقار الكلوكوفاج بجرع واطئة لدى مرضىالسكر وجرت الدراسة في مختبرات جامعة كربلاء

Abstract The present study aimed at detecting the side effect of Glucophage on with diabetes with its both types --- first and the second by applying it on the five tissue of white albino mice . Three doses were taken in this study of 50 100 and 150 mg Kg for four weeks period . The results obtained showed that the dose 150 mg had caused changes in the liver of the mice --- infiltration and congestion presence of edema fluid and changes in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte also occurred in the liver of mice . The study came out with the result that the Glucophage drug should be taken in low doses that the patients with diabetes . The study was carried out in the laboratories of Karbala University . --- الخلاصة : هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تأثير عقار الكلوكوفاج على مرضى السكر بنوعيه الاول والثاني عند تجربته على نسيج الكبد في الفئران البيضاء بأخذ ثلاث جرعات مختلفة في هذه الدراسة وهي 50 و 100 و 150 ملغم /كغم لمدة اربعة اسابيع واظهرت النتائج ان الجرعة 150 ملغم / كغم هي التي سببت تغيرات في كبد الفئران وقد استنتجت الدراسة ضرورة استعمال عقار الكلوكوفاج بجرع واطئة لدى مرضى السكر وجرت الدراسة في مختبرات جامعة كربلاء