Abstract It is previously reported that cancer prognosis is affected by mutations of P53 gene. However, the prognostic significance of P53 mutated gene detection in breast cancer is a subject demanding numerous investigations in a view of numerous facts such as presence of different tumor subtypes, P53 positivity in early breast cancer, different overall survival and disease free period as well as variability of tumor response to chemotherapeutic agents and presence of primary resistance of tumor among patients whether same or different grade and stage. Hence, it is of interest to detect this mutated gene in our area and evaluate its relation to other prognostic factors in terms of age, stage, histological grade and lymph node status. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of P53 mutated gene expression in female with breast cancer in respect to the other prognostic factors such as age, grade, stage and lymph node status. Fifty female patients diagnosed as a breast cancer, underwent clinical and pathological staging (I,IIA,IIB,IIIA,IIIB,IIIC, and IV), histopathological grading (I,II,III). All patients underwent same surgical operation which was modified radical mastectomy and axillary dissection. All specimens were sent to histopathological study and P53 mutated gene detection study by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). P53 mutated gene was detected by immunohistochemistry in 72% of patients with breast cancer. P53 positivity showed a statistically significant direct proportion to histological grade, stage and lymph node status. In addition, more P53 mutated gene expression was detected in younger patients (age group ≤49 years old) and this probably explaining more advance stage observed in this group in this study. All these data leads to a conclusion that the presence of mutated p53 gene is associated with worse prognosis. This study detected P53 mutated gene by IHC for the first time in our region and showed a statically significant association between status of P53 gene mutations and the other prognostic factors such as age, histological grade, stage and lymph node status and consequently to tumor aggressiveness and thereafter to prognosis.

P53 GENE --- BREAST CANCER LYMPH NODES

Background and objectives: P53 gene mutation and deletion are among the important molecular markers linked to lung cancer. In most cases, the inactivating mutations affecting both p53 alleles are acquired in somatic cells. Less commonly, the mutations are inherited ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of having a wild and/or a mutated p53 gene in lung cancer compared to benign lung lesions and to relate these findings to different morphological types and grades of lung cancer.
Patients, materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the histopathology blocks of 30 lung cancer cases covering the period from2002 to 2007were obtained from the archives of the histopathology section of the Special Surgeries Hospital Laboratories. Twenty cases of non-malignant lung diseases served as a control group. Sections made on charged slides were subjected to p53 mRNA in-situ hybridization and p53 protein immunohistochemical staining.
Results: Positive p53 in situ hybridization signal was detected in 29 cases of carcinoma. The highest percentage score was score- 3 being detected in 16(53.3%) cases. High intensity of hybridization signal was seen in 17(56.7%) cases. All control cases revealed positive hybridization signals (100%). Seven cases revealed score-3 and of these 5 revealed high intensity of hybridization. Immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein was seen in 21(70%) cases of carcinoma with score-3 being found in 11(36.7%) cases, 7cases revealed score-3 in situ hybridization signals as well. High intensity was found in 11(36.7%) cases, 10 of them showed high intensity of hybridization signal. Only two control cases (10%) revealed positive p53 expression. They showed score-2 and low intensity of expression. Significant statistical correlations were found between in situ hybridization signaling and immunohistochemical expression scores and intensities in carcinoma cases with p value < 0.05.
Conclusion: The relations of tumor grade to the score and intensity of ISH signaling and IHC expression were significant suggesting the importance of having higher scores and intensities of positive cells which is an indication of tumor progression and prognosis. Studying p53 gene integrity or expression of a mutated protein is important for predicting tumor prognosis and establishing a proper therapeutic approach.

lung cancer --- p53 immunohistochemistry --- p53 in situ hybridization --- p53 gene --- p53 expression.