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Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes generated from monocyte emigrated from blood circulation. Macrophages mediated the innate and adaptive immunity through different routes, and cytokine production is one of these routes. Signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs) are cytoplasmic transcription factors that are key mediators of cytokine and growth factor signalling pathways. STAT-3 is implicated in macrophage cytokine signalling and production. It's well reported that the microbiota is very important as it primes the immune system for the antigens encountered later in life. Probiotics defined as ‘Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Therefore, the aim of this project was to answer the question whether probiotics induced cytokine production via activation of STAT-3 signalling pathway. Results showed that probiotic of Lactobacillus casie strain Shirota was successfully induced cytokine production via activation of STAT-3 by anti-inflammatory macrophages induced by TNF-α. The findings of this study will open new strategy to modulate the immune response by probiotic bacteria leading to treat the diseases that related with irregular cytokine production.

macrophages --- probiotics --- cytokines --- STAT-3