Cryopreservation is a process where cells or whole tissues are preserved by cooling to low sub-zero temperatures, such as (typically) -80°C or -196°C and this process use extensively in programs of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study is an attempt to evaluate DNA fragmentation in the cell after cryopreservation/thawing cycle when using different types of cryoprotectant (CPA), sixty mature fertile male mice were used in the current study, the mean age of these mice were ten weeks. Fifteen of them were considered as control group and the rest (forty five) as cryopreserved group, this group was divided into three subgroup according to the type of cryoprotectant (glycerol, 1, 2 propanediol and dimethylsulfoxide), each subgroup composed from fifteen mice. The testes were cryopreserved for six weeks then DNA fragmentation assay was done by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Comet results of the present study showed a highly significant (P<0.0001) increase in DNA damage in the cryopreserved testis (33.26%, 38.8% and 30.6% represent cryoprotectant glycerol, 1, 2 propanediol and dimethylsulfoxide respectively) compared with control group (23.06%) after six weeks of cryopreservation. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that there was increase the levels of DNA fragmentation in the testicular tissue after cryopreservation /thawing cycle differs according to the type of cryoprotectant, Dimethylsulfoxide cryoprotectant provides good protection to the testicular tissue and DNA in cryopreservation /thawing cycle than glycerol and 1, 2 propanediol.

Cryopreservation --- DNA --- Testicular tissue of mice

This study was conducted to determine the effect of evaporation of plant seeds Peganum harmala on the tissues of the testes in male albino rats treated with Chlorpromazine. The rats aged 3-4 months and weighted 200-300 g were divided into two groups, the first group is control negative included 10 rats which were dosed with distilled water and remaining animals were dosed with Chlorpromazine (2 mg/kg) of body weight per day for six weeks. Then the treated animals were divided into 4 groups, each group consists of 10 rats. The positive control treated with drug, the second group evaporated for 7 days, the third group evaporated for 14 days and the last group evaporated for 21 days.The results showed an injurious effect on the control positive group represented by necrosis and degenerative for some epithelial cells in seminiferous tubules that elucidate reducing the tissue. After the first evaporation it was observed that there was a clear and partial improvement represented by increasing the number of cells in seminiferous tubules compared with the control positive group. In the second evaporation period it was noted that there was a continuous increase in the number of cells in the seminiferous tubules. Finally, in the third evaporation the seminiferous tubules approximately regained the normal situation represented by compensation of the number of reducing cells resulting from the injurious effect of drug. This information gives a definite indication for the positive reformative effect of evaporation on testicular tissue.

أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير التبخير ببذور نبات الحرمل على أنسجة الخصى في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعاملة بعقار Chlorpromazine وكانت الجرذان بعمر 3-4 أشهر وبوزن 300-200غرام وقد قسمت على مجموعتين الأولى: مجموعة السيطرة السالبة وتضم 10 جرذان جرعت بالماء المقطر، وجرعت الحيوانات المتبقية بالعقار وبمقدار(2 ملغم/كغم) من وزن الجسم يوميا ولمدة ستة أسابيع. بعدها قسمت الحيوانات المجرعة على أربعة مجاميع كل مجموعة مكونة من 10جرذان وهي مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة المعاملة بالعقار ومجموعة التبخير 7أيام ومجموعة التبخير 14يوم ومجموعة التبخير21 يوم. وأظهرت النتائج تأثيراً سلبياً للعقار في مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة متمثلاً بتنخر وتنكس لبعض خلايا النسيج الظهاري المبطن للنبيبات المنوية مما يوضح اختزال النسيج. وبعد إجراء التبخير الأول لوحظ اصلاح جزئي واضح متمثلا بازدياد عدد الخلايا داخل النبيبات المنوية مقارنة بالسيطرة الموجبة وبعد فترة التبخير الثانية لوحظ استمرار الزيادة في عدد الخلايا داخل النبيب المنوي. وبعد فترة التبخير الثالثة استعاد النسيج تقريبا حالته السوية من حيث تعويض عدد الخلايا المختزلة الناتجة من تأثير العقار وهذا يعطي دلالة واضحة للتأثير الايجابي للتبخير ببذور نبات الحرمل على نسج الخصية.

Chlorpromazine --- Piganum harmala --- evaporation --- testicular tissue --- seminiferous tubules --- Chlorpromazine ، Piganum harmala، التبخير، أنسجة الخصى، النبيبات المنوية