Background: Human lymphocytes can be isolated from whole blood by centrifugation using a commercially available high-density medium. This allows a single step gradient separation of blood, which yields the mononuclear cell ,the lymphocyte can be cultured specifically and will outgrow the others, eventually resulting in highly enriched population.Objective: this series of experiments were done as a trial to establish a new method for preparation of lymphocytes cell line.Methods: the same protocols were applied to all individuals, they were separated in to two groups:- Group 1:- one ml of heparinized blood were cultured in tissue culture flask containing 9 ml of stimulation medium and incubated in tissue culture flasks at 37ºC (4) . The flasks were subcultured at 37 OC in CO2 incubator every 3 days.Group 2:- Mononuclear cells were separated from whole blood, washed, counted, assessed for viability, then 1 ml of 2x106 cells were cultured in tissue culture flask containing stimulation medium and. The flask was incubated at 37 OC in CO2 incubator for 3 days. Another 1ml of mononuclear cells was cultured in tissue culture flask containing 1ml of growth medium, the flasks were incubated at 37 OC in CO2 incubator for 3 days.For both groups the cell cultures were propagated and maintained. Results: After initiation of cell culture for both groups, the mononuclear cell cultures were maintained up for 3 weeks, pure rich mononuclear cells were obtained and seen under inverted microscope.Conclusion: a new method for establishment of lymphoblast cell line were developed by cultivation of lymphocyte from whole blood . pure rich lymphocytes culture were obtained and maintained

whole blood lymphocyte culture --- cell culture --- phytohemagglutinin.

Background and objective: Pertussis is one of the vaccine preventable diseases. Bordetella pertussis (B. Pertussis) continues to circulate even in countries with good childhood vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients suspected or confirmed to have pertussis in relation to certain clinical and laboratory data. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Rapareen Teaching Hospital from June 1st, to September 1st, 2010. The study enrolled 651 inpatients below five years of age with respiratory tract infection with 72 of them having initial suspicion of pertussis. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from them and nasopharyngeal swab were sent for culture for isolation of microorganisms as well as blood samples obtained for haematological assessment (white blood cell differential count and platelet count). Those confirmed to have pertussis and para-pertussis were considered as group A while other culture results were considered group B. Results: Most of patients were below one year of age (56.9%) with large numbers were not properly vaccinated and they had positive family history of paroxysmal cough (68.1% and 58.3%, respectively). Twenty one patients confirmed to have pertussis and parapertussis by culture methods. There was no significant difference between patients with group A when compared to group B regarding gender, vaccination status, history of post-tussive vomiting or whoop and family history of chronic cough. Mean platelet count was significantly different between two groups, with pertussis and parap-pertussis cases had less platelet count.Conclusion: Near half of patients with B. pertussis and parapertussis have a defect in their vaccination program.

Pertussis --- Culture --- Cough --- Patients

Language Learning is a an indispensable part of human culture. Amajor purpose of language is to express thoughts, knowledge, andbeliefs through the processes of teaching and learning. As a result oflearning and functioning in a language, culture is sustained throughgenerations (Salili & Hossain,2007). At the same time, culture alsoinfluences how knowledge, teaching and learning are construed aswell as how teaching and learning are practiced. The knowledge isacquired in a particular cultural context transforms into schemata(mental representation of knowledge based on personal experience)that may not be universally acceptable. A better understandingof the interdependency of language and culture is paramountto the development of appropriate learning strategies to meet theneeds of an increasingly changing world. This paper examines theinfluence of culture on language learning in relation to the teachingand learning of critical thinking in the context of professional education.The increasing emphasis on critical thinking in education atall levels is applicable to any culture that is currently influenced bychanges in the global environment, but how culture influences theincreasing emphasis on critical thinking is not certain. Just as cultureaffects how people construe and practice teaching and learning(Merriam, 2007), culture can also have an important influenceon how critical thinking is perceived and exercised. The ability tothink well does not guarantee one’s ability to communicate effectively.Students are trained with critical thinking skills in order tosolve problems or make decisions; if they do not know how to presenttheir ideas appropriately, the efforts spent in critical thinkingwould be futile. While it is important to consider the language abilityof students, the manners and methods involved in the expressionof their critical thoughts should also be made explicit to others,regardless of their cultural backgrounds.

Critical thinking --- Foreign/second language Learning --- culture --- culture-biased interference

Callus induction of the plant parts (leaves,stems,cotyledons, hypocotyls) of Cucurbita pepo on the solid medium enriched with different concentrations of auxins such as (2,4-D , IAA,NAA) and cytokinins such as (kin,BA). The medium (MS+1.0mg/L BA+0.5mg/L NAA)has been selected the best medium used to originate callus with an average estimated at 100%in the plant parts namely leaves ,stems and hypocotyls and the cotyledons respectively with an average 83% of callus ,and this was the highest percentage of the fresh weight amounte to 2.0 gm and stems callus at 1.2 gm.The study also succeded in originating callus of immature embryos with high percentage 85% on the medium (MS 0.5mg/L BA+0.1mg/L NAA) after it has been deduced on medium MS supported with 30mg/L 2,4-D for two weeks.Also the medium MS contained 1.5mg/L BA and 0.1mg/L NAA succeded in producing deduction percentage 100% from the cotyledons similary deduction media achieved a percentage ranged between 83-100% of cotyledons with out embryos.The results of altering the components of the selected MS medium (MS+1.0mg/L BA+0.5mg/L NAA)has shown deduction percentage amounted to 100% for the hypocotyls and 85% for the cotyledons when added 7ml/L of NH4NO3 instead of 4ml/L(MSN medium).Once we increased the amount of KNO3 compound up to 14ml/L instead of 8ml/L(MSK medium)on the same concentration of MS medium,the parts of cotyledons achieved the highest percentage of deduction 87%.Finally,the highest fresh weight of hypocotyls callus was noticed in this medium 1.8gm and the highest fresh weight of the cotyledons callus was noticed in MSN medium which was 2.0gm .Key words:Tissue culture,Cucurbita pepo, MS medium,NAA,BA.

استحدث كالس (الأوراق, السيقان, الأوراق الفلقية, السيقان تحت الفلقية) لنبات قرع الكوسا Cucurbita pepoعلى وسطMS الصلب المدعم بأنواع وتراكيزمختلفة من الاوكسينات (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D) والسايتوكاينينات (Kin, BA) وقد عدّ الوسط (MS + 1.0 ملغم/لتر BA + 0.5 ملغم/لتر NAA) أفضل الأوساط المستخدمة لاستحداث الكالس وبنسبة 100% من قطع الأوراق والسيقان والسيقان تحت الفلقية يليها قطع الأوراق الفلقية بنسبة استحداث 83% للكالس الذي سجل أعلى نسبة وزن طري بلغت 2 غم تلاها كالس السيقان 1.2 غم.كذلك نجحت الدراسة بالحصول على نسبة استحداث عالية 85% لكالس الأجنة غير الناضجة على وسط (MS + 0.5ملغم/لتر BA + 0.1 ملغم/لتر NAA) بعد تحفيز الأجنة على وسط MS المدعم بـ 30 ملغم/لتر 2,4-D لمدة أسبوعين, كما نجح وسط MS الحاوي على 1.5 ملغم/لتر BA + 0.1 ملغم/لتر NAA بإعطاء نسبة استحداث 100% من قطع الأوراق الفلقية وحققت أوساط الاستحداث نسبة 83-100% لقطع الفلق منزوعة الأجنة.أظهرت نتائج تحوير مكونات وسط MS المنتخب (MS + 1.0 ملغم/لترBA + 0.5 ملغم/لتر NAA) بإضافة 7 مل/لتر من NH4NO3 بدلا من 4 مل/لتر (وسط(MSN إعطاء نسبة استحداث للكالس بلغت 100% للسيقان تحت الفلقية و 85% للأوراق الفلقية وعند زيادة مركب KNO3 إلى 14 مل/لتر بدلا من 8 مل/لتر (وسط(MSK على نفس تركيز وسط MS المنتخب حققت قطع الأوراق الفلقية أعلى نسبة استحداث 87%, وقد لوحظ آن أعلى وزن طري كان1.8غم لكالس السيقان تحت الفلقية على هذا الوسط في حين سجل كالس الأوراق الفلقية أعلى وزن طري بلغ 2.0غم على وسط MSN. الكلمات المفتاحية: زراعة الانسجة، قرع الكوسا، وسط MS,NAA،BA .

The Tissue Culture --- الزراعة --- النسيجية

In this study negative result of real-time reverse transcription-QPCR (RT-PCR) assay tests of Influenza virus of nasal screetion and throat swap samples of Iraqi patients hospitalized with signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection in Central Republic Health Laboratory in Iraq were tested for Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection by RT PCR .Positive samples was 4 out 0f 20 were used .Viral isolation was done on a monolayer of 70-80% confluent Human Lung Carcinoma Cells (A549) cell line and incubated at 33ºC for 4 days .Syncytia was observed in 3 positive samples

في هذه الدراسة تم اخذ 20 عينة من مسحات من افرازات الانف والحلق لمرضى عراقيين راقدين في المستشفيات واللذين يعانون من اصابات في الجهاز التنفسي والتي كانت نتائج فحص سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة الكمي QPCR RT- لفيروس الانفلونزا سالبة .تم فحص هذه العينات للكشف عن وجود اصابة بفيروس Respiratory Virus Syncytial بفحص سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة RT PCR في مختبر الصحة المركزي .كانت نتائج 4 عينات موجبة من مجوع العينات .تم عزل وتنمية الفيروس في خط خلايا رئة سرطانية للإنسان(A549) وحيث تم اصابة طبقة خلايا بكثافة %(80-70) وبعد فترة حضانة 4 ايام في 33 درجة مئوية تمت ملاحظة التأثيرات المرضية المتمثلة بتكون Synsytia في طبقة الخلايا لثلاث عينات موجبه.

RT PCR --- RSV --- Tissue culture>