This study was conducted during the period 20/9/2012 to 26/11/2012 . At unit of Japanese quail birds of College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah. To evaluate the effect of egg weight on some productive and reproductive as age and weight at puberty Japanese quail birds . A total of 400 eggs were collected and were categorised into 4 weight groups as (10 ,11 ,12,13 g) . The result showed that the chick weight significant (p < 0.05) increase for birds of fourth group as well as weight increase for its birds at fourth week of age compared with weight of first group birds. The results shows early age of sexual puberty for males and females of (second , third and fourth ) groups compared with the males and females of first group. There were a significant (p < 0.05) increase of females weight in fourth group at the age of sexual puberty compared with other groups. The results shows a significant (p < 0.05) increase in weight of first egg product from females of second , third and fourth groups compared with the weight of first egg product from females of first group. In conclusion, heavy sized eggs (13g) lead to better quality of day-old chicks with better post hatching performance.

اجريت الد ا رسة الحالية في وحدة طيور السمان التابعة الى الحقل الحيواني في كمية الز ا رعة /جامعة البصرة لممدة من 20 / 9 / 2012 الى 26 / 11 / 2012 لمعرفة تأثير وزن البيضة في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والتناسمية المتمثمة بعمر ووزن البموغ الجنسيلذكور واناث طيور السمان الياباني ، اُستخدم في الد ا رسة 400 بيضة دُرج البيض الى اربعة مجاميع وزنية ) 10 ، 11 ، 12 ، 13 غ ا رم(،اظيرت نتائج الد ا رسة وجود ارتفاع معنوي ) 0.05 > P( في معدلات الوزن عند الفقس لطيور المجموعة ال ا ربعة فضلاً عن ارتفاع معدلاتاو ا زن طيورىا معنوياً ) 0.05 > P ( لغاية الاسبوع ال ا ربع من العمر مقارنة بأو ا زن طيور المجموعة الاولى واشارت نتائج الد ا رسة الى حصولانخفاض معنوي ) 0.05 > P( في عمر البموغ الجنسي لذكور واناث المجاميع 2 و 3 و 4 مقارنة بعمر البموغ الجنسي لذكور واناث طيورالمجموعة الاولى ، وارتفعت معدلات او ا زن اناث طيور المجموعة ال ا ربعة معنوياً ) 0.05 > P ( عند عمر البموغ الجنسي مقارنة مع باقياو ا زن اناث طيور المجاميع الاخرى واتضح من النتائج تفوق معنوي ) 0.05 > P( في معدلات او ا زن اول بيضة منتجة من اناث طيورالمجاميع 2 و 3 و 4 مقارنة مع وزن اول بيضة منتجة من اناث طيور المجموعة الاولى، نستنتج مما تقدم تحسن معدلات او ا زن الطيورالفاقسة من بيض ثقيل الوزن 13 غ ا رم فضلاً عن تبكيرىا في عمر البموغ الجنسي.

egg weight --- puberty --- quail

In this study, the effects of three insecticides including: Fenvalerate, Thiacloprid and Fenoxycarb on egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens were investigated. The toxicity of insecticide were tested using two laboratory tests: (a) direct spray on Ephestia cautella eggs containing the parasitoid for effects on parasitism and emergence of the adult parasitoids (b) adult parasitoid exposure to dry insecticide films residue in glass vials. All insecticides were prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for field application. Results showed that these insecticides varied in toxicity and have different degrees of effect regarding the emergence and parasitism of the parasitoid. Fenoxycarb was non-toxic or low toxic to T. evanescen and did not affect immature stages development and adult emergence. Whereas, Fenvalerate was highly noxious to the parasitoid and significantly reduced the percentage of emergence and parasitism of T. evanescens developing in host eggs. The effects of Thiacloprid were slightly toxic to T. evanescens as it fell into the class 2 when parasitoids were directly exposed to chemical residues. While, Fenvalerate classified as moderately toxic and caused higher mortality than Fenoxycarb and Thiacloprid in both glass surface residues and direct spray of host eggs. Therefore, obtained data provided useful data for implementing both chemical and biological control strategies in integrated pest management.

درس تأثير ثلاثة مبيدات حشرية هي فينفاليرات، ثايكلوبـرد وفينوكسـي كـارب في طفيـل البيـض Trichogramma evanescens West.. تم اختبار سمية المبيدات مختبريا بطريقتين: الاولى رش بيض المضيف الحاوي على الطفيل مباشرة لدراسة تاثير المبيدات في معدل التطفل وانبثاق بالغات الطفيليات (ب) تعريض بالغات الطفيل لبقايا سطح زجاجي معامل بالمبيد. حضرت المبيدات جميعها وفق توصيات الشركة المصنعة للتطبيق الحقلي. أظهرت النتائج اختلاف المبيدات الحشرية المستخدمة في سميتها وتاثيرها، اذ وجد ان الفينوكسي كارب غير سام أو منخفض السمية لطفيل البيض ولم يؤثر على نمو الاطوار غير الناضجة أو على ظهور البالغات. في حين كان مبيد الفينفاليرات ضارا للغاية في الطفيل وسبب انخفاضا معنويا في نسبة الانبثاق وتطفلT. evanescens على بيض المضيف. فيما كان تاثير الثايكلوبرد قليل السمية للطفيل وصنف في الدرجة الثانية عند تعريض الطفيل مباشرة إلى بقايا المبيدات. صنف الفينفاليرات بانه معتدل السمية وسبب هلاكات اعلى من مبيد الفينوكسي كارب والثايكلوبرد في كل من تعريضها الى بقايا المبيد على سطح الزجاج وطريقة الرش المباشر على بيض المضيف. قدمت الدراسة بيانات مفيدة لتنفيذ استراتيجيات كل من المكافحة الكيميائية والحياتية في الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات.

Egg parasitoid --- Trichogramma evanescens --- Insecticides

The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by as egg shell was investigated in the present study. The adsorbent behavior of metal ions on the resin was investigated depending on contact time, pH, resin dosage, and initial metal concentration. The adsorption process depending on pH shows maximum removal of metal ions at a pH of 6 for egg shell for initial metal ion concentrations of 1.33 mg/l, with resin dose of 20 g and the equilibrium time was reached in 105 minute. The results indicate that egg shell can be used as an efficient adsorption material for removal of heavy metal ions from waste water. Application of this model was described by the equations of Langmuir, Frendlich and Elvich isotherm, Frendlich isotherm model provided best correlation compared with other isotherm models.

copper --- egg shell --- adsorbent --- Wastewater.

164MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIN ( CYT K ) GENE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACILLUS CEREUS ISOLATES FROM MILK AND MILK PRODUCTSMohammed H. Khudor, Basil A. Abbas, Ban M. S. SaeedDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary. Medicine, University of Basrah,basrah,Iraq(Received 19 June 2012,Accepted 28 June 2012)Keywords; milk, Mannitol egg-yolk agar, chloramphenicol.ABSTRACTTwo hundred twenty seven samples of milk, soft cheese, curls cheese and yogurt were taken to isolate B. cereus. The percentage of these bacteria was 32.7 %, 16.6 %, 18 % and 26% in milk, soft cheese, curls cheese and yogurt, respectively. Mannitol egg-yolk agar (MYP) supplemented with polymyxin B sulfate is used for isolation. Identification of the isolates was done by biochemical tests. Screening of isolates by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) revealed the presence of diarrheal toxin cyt K gene in 87.09 % of isolates. Susceptibility of isolates to 7 antimicrobial agents revealed neomycin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin 100% for each, streptomycin 96% and erythromycin 93.5 % to be the most effective antimicrobial, while the highest resistance was noted against penicillin 100 %.

milk --- Mannitol egg-yolk agar --- chloramphenicol

This study was conducted at Poultry farm and Poultry Physiology laboratory /Animal Resources Department / College of Agriculture / The University of Baghdad during a period from 26/September/2013 to 1/June/2014 to find out the association of prolactin (PRL) gene polymorphisms with egg weight of laying hens. Two strains of laying hens, White Leghorn (n=100) and Hy-line Brown (n=60) were used in this study and reared in individual cages .Blood samples were collected from a brachial vein at 41 weeks of age. The PRL gene polymorphisms were determined using PCR-RFLP technique and AluI restriction enzyme. Two alleles C and T and three genotypes wild type CC (homozygous), heterozygous CT and mutant TT (homozygous) have been got. The size of the target gene fragment was 439 bp. A significant (p < 0.05) difference was showed in the Brown strain between genotypes CC and TT, the genotype CC was higher than TT in egg weight ( EW) at 34 week of age, in White strain there was a significant (p < 0.05) differences between CC and CT, also, CC with TT genotypes in EW at 30 week of age. The T allele frequency was 0.66, whereas, C allele frequency was 0.34 for Brown strain. In White strain, the C allele frequency was 0.98, whereas T allele frequency was 0.02. The distribution percentage of polymorphism of PRL gene in Brown strain were 56.60, 37.74 and 5.66 % for CT, TT and CC genotype respectively, whereas, the distribution percentage of polymorphism of PRL gene in White strain were 97.75, 1.12 and 1.12 % for CC, CT and TT genotype respectively, and the differences among percentages was significant (p <0.01). The allele frequency and distribution percentage of polymorphism for PRL gene was measured according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Egg weight --- Laying Hens --- Polymorphism --- Prolactin gene.