Ninety six patient aged between 12 – 50 years attending the college of dentistry ,Al- mustansyria university and the investigators clinics , they were divided into twoequal groups; 48 Patients suffering acute apical periodntitis ( painful ) weresubjected to different antibiotics after drainage and their prognosis towards nonpainfulchronic apical perioddontitis was observed and were as follows : 29.3% withAzithromycin, 20.8 % with ampicilline and 29.3% with ampicilline plusmetronidazole with a total of 79.4 % .The second group, were 48 students aged 12- 20 years suffering from severemarginal gingivitis ( GI-3 ) and were subjected to different antibiotics afterprophylaxis and some of them were kept on prophylaxis alone and their progress tomild marginal gingivitis ( G.I.1) was observed and were as follows :20.8 % withazithromycin , 16.7 % with ampicilline, 22.9 % with ampicilline plus metronidazoleand 20.8 % with prophylaxis and oral hygiene practice alone with a total of 81.2 %showing no significant difference between prophylaxis alone and those withprophylaxis and antibiotics .

Keywords: GI = gingival index.

Aims: To evaluate the oral hygiene and gingival health among secondary school students and to find ifthere was any variation between age and sex groups in Mosul City Centre. Material and Methods: Asample of 630 students aged 16–18 years old (278 males, 352 females) were examined using plaqueindex score and gingival index. The clinical examinations were carried out in the school using planemouth mirrors, WHO periodontal probes to detect the dental plaque and gingival health. Results:Showed that the mean plaque score for the total sample was 0.96, the plaque index increased with age.Females reported less mean plaque scores than males with statistically significant difference betweenthem. The mean gingival score was 0.56 for the total sample and it increased with age. There was asignificant difference between males and females. The study revealed that 35.9% of the total sampledid not brush their teeth. Therefore the objective of dental health education to those subjects is to brushtheir teeth regularly and to improve the effectiveness of oral hygiene practice. Conclusion: Periodontaldisease is indirectly related to the exposure of bacterial plaque for long time which calls forcoordinated planning of preventive strategies and urgent priorities

Oral cleanliness --- plaque index --- gingival index --- secondary school students

Aims: To evaluate the oral cleanliness and gingival health among intermediate school students and tofind if there was any variation between age and sex groups in Thamar–Yemen. Material andMethods: A sample of 596 students aged 13–15 years old (308 males, 288 females) were examinedusing plaque index score by Silness and Löe (1964) and gingival index by Löe and Silness (1963). Theclinical examinations were carried out in the school using plane mouth mirrors, WHO periodontalprobes to detect the dental plaque and gingival health. Results: The mean plaque score for the totalsample was 0.90. The plaque index was increasing with age, females reported less mean plaque scoresthan males with statistically significant difference between them. The mean gingival score was 0.52 forthe total sample and it was increasing with age with statistical significant difference. Females alsoreported less gingival scores than males with statistical significant difference between them. The study revealed that 45.1 % of the total sample did not brush their teeth. Conclusion: Gingival and periodontal diseases are indirectly related to the exposure of bacterial plaque for long time which calls for integrated, coordinated planning of preventive and treatment services as an urgent priority.

Oral cleanliness --- plaque index --- gingival index --- intermediate school students

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women in their reproductive age.It is characterized by anovulation or oligo-ovulation and hyperandrogensim.Androgen excess is the central defect in polycystic ovary syndrome. It is a complex disorder affects general health in addition to oral health.This study aimed to assess the gingival health status among a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome as well as to estimate the levels of salivaryfree testosterone in unstimulated saliva in relation to gingival health condition.Materials and methods: Sixty two women with an age range 20-25 years old and with a body mass index range18.5-24.9 (normal weight) were included in this study. They were divided into two groups; the study group which included thirty one women with polycystic ovary syndrome, those women.nattended Babylon Teaching Hospital/ Infertility Center and the control group which included thirty one women with regular menstrual cycles,without clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenism and ultrasound exclusion of polycystic ovary (without polycystic ovary syndrome). Collection of unstimulated salivary samples was carried out under standardrizedconditions, salivary free testosterone levels were estimated. Plaque index of Silness and Lӧe (1964) was used to assess dental plaque. While gingival index of Lӧe and Silness (1963) was used to assess gingival inflammation. Data analysis was conducted through the application of the (SPSS version 18). The analysis of data included: Mean, Standard deviation, t-test, Pearson Correlation (r), Receiver Operative Characteristics Curve (ROC curve).Results:Results showed that the mean value of plaque index was found to be higher in the control group (1.18±0.03) than that in the study group (1.00±0.08) with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01).While the mean value of gingival indexwas higher among the study group (1.52±0.06)than that in the control group (1.31±0.05)with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01).Salivary levels of free testosterone among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (44.12±1.37 pg/ml) were found to be higher than that of control (18.50±0.87) with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01).The results in this study showed that the correlations between salivary free testosterone with the oral variables (plaque index, gingival index) were statistically not significant (P>0.05).In order to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the use of salivary free testosterone as a diagnostic tool, statistical analysis of Receiver Operative Characteristics Curve (ROC) was used and predictive Value Measurmentswere done in this study. The results showed that the area under the curve for salivary free testosterone test was (1.000) with highly significant p-value (p<0.01). The best optimal cut off point for salivary free testosterone was (30.86) with (100%) sensitivity and specificity, indicating a very good predictive capacity for using salivary free testosterone as a marker for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.Conclusions : It was concluded that gingival inflammation was high among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Furthermore, salivary levels of free testosterone were found to be high among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

polycystic ovary syndrome --- salivary free testosterone --- plaque index --- gingival index

Background Periodontal health at the restorative gingival interface continues to represent one of the most diffcult challenges. Unfortunately, they only mimic the physical and morphological aspects of teeth, as they are limited by the absence of the ‘ideal material’ that would provide characteristics similar to the normal tooth structure. Aims To determine the influence of class II amalgam and composite restorative materials on plaque accumulation, gingivitis and periodontal pocket depth. Materials and Methods One hundred patients were included in the study. The age ranged between (21-24) years old. The sample was composed of two groups (50 patients each), with an equal ratio of males and females. The tested restoration types were: amalgam class II (MO) and composite class II (MO) of 2-3 years. The following periodontal parameters: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and pocket depth (PD) in mm were recorded for each restored tooth compared with non-restored tooth on the other side of the mouth as a control. Results The results showed that amalgam induce the higher means of plaque, gingivitis and pocket depth compared with composite. The mean of the three parameters, as compared to control group, were statistically higher in the restored amalgam surfaces (p<0.05). For composite restoration the means of the three parameters were also higher but not in signifcant levels for both plaque index and gingival Index, except for pocket depth of the restored surfaces were signifcantly higher than the controlled surfaces. However, there were no signifcant differences in the ranks of the three mesial indices of patients having amalgam in comparison with those having composite. Conclusion This study suggests that composite restorations did not have a signifcant advantage on periodontal health over amalgam restorations for Class II posterior teeth.

Amalgam --- composite --- plaque index --- gingival index --- pocket depth