Twenty pregnant goats at gestation period ranged from 100 – 130 days were used in this study and divided in to four groups according to duration of gestation period. G (A) = 100 – 110 days, G (B) = 111 – 120 days, G (C) = 121 – 130 days. All of the goats were injected with a single dose of 2.5 mg / kg B.W. Bromocriptine I.M. The fourth group also 5 goats G (D) = 120 – 130 days were used as control & given 2 ml distal water I.M. Results showed that 80% of G (A) aborted after 5.12 ± 1.74 days, 60% of G (B) aborted after 4.92 ± 1.15 days and 60% of G (C) aborted after 4.97 ± 1.15 days of injection. In addition all the aborted goats showed complications represented by retention of fetal membranes and subsequent uterine infection compared to controls which showed neither abortion nor complications.

الخلاصةاستخدم في هذا البحث 20 معزة حامل وقسمت اعتمادا على طول فترة الحمل الى أربعة مجاميع متساوية، إذ كانت فترة الحمل في المجموعة (A) 100-110 يوما ً وفي المجموعة (B) 111-120 يوما ً وفي المجموعة (C) 121-130 يوما ً اعتمادا على تاريخ التسفيد. وقد حقنت جميع المعزات بجرعة واحدة من البروموكربتين 2.5 ملغم/كغم بالعضل. وقد استخدمت 5 معزات اخرى حوامل (D) 120-130 يوما ً كسيطرة بعد حقنها بــ2ملل ماء مقطر بالعضل.لقد أظهرت النتائج حدوث إجهاض في 80% من المجموعة A بعد 5.12±1.74 يوما ً من الحقن وإجهاض 60% من المجموعة B بعد 4.92±1.15 يوما ً من الحقن وإجهاض 60% من المجموعة C بعد 4.97±1.50 يوما ً من الحقن، إضافة لذلك فان جميع المعزات المجهضة قد عانت من مضاعفات تمثلت باحتباس الاغشية الجنينية ومن ثم التهابات رحمية بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة التي لم يحدث فيها مضاعفات بعد الولادة الطبيعية.

Abortion --- Goats --- Fetal membrane

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sub-clinical mastitis and sex of birth on physico chemical composition of milk for some species of farm animals (Cows, Sheep and Goats ) in Al-Diwania province during a period from March to August 2012. A total of (120) samples of raw milk includes (40) samples for cows, (35) samples for sheep and (45) samples for goats were used in this study. The results of this study revealed that there was a significantly difference (P<0.05) in fat and lactose percentages for milk of sheep and goats. Fat percentages were (3.36± 0.24) and (3.33 ±0.16) for milk of infected sheep and goats with sub clinical mastitis respectively as compared to (5.04± 0.14) and(4.20 ± 0.02) for milk of uninfected animals while, the percentages of lactose were (4.27 ±0.02) and (4.30±0.01) for milk of uninfected sheep and goats respectively as compared to (3.91±0.13) and (4.06±0.11) for milk of infected of the same animals. The results also showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher in the solid not fat (SNF) percentage for milk of infected cows. The percentage of SNF was (9.12±0.12) for milk of uninfected cows as compared to (8.78 ±0.08) for milk of infected cows . Protein percentages was a significantly (P<0.05) higher in milk of uninfected cows and sheep , in which was (3.85 ±0.11) and ( 5.75 ±0.11) in both species respectively. The results of this study showed that there was a significantly (P<0.05) higher in PH values of milk for infected of three studied species as compared with milk of uninfected of the same species animals in which was (6.94± 0.06) , (6.71±0.04) and (6.73±0.01) for the three species respectively. The results also demonstrated a significantly (P<0.05) effect of sex of birth on fat and SNF percentages for milk of goats and a significantly (P<0.05) higher of protein percentage in milk for sheep which born male as compared to that born female ( 5.21± 0.35) and (3.89±0.33) respectively.

Milk composition --- Sheep --- Goats

Iraqi goats have a major economic role in production of meat, milk and leather as well as it considered a financial source for owners as reproduce twice a year, yet the Damascus goats have great importance than Iraqi goats owing to the number of twin births. The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptors have great importance in the reproduction and eugenics. To make a comparison between the Iraqi and Damascus goats in terms of this receptor gene expression in the ovaries and uterus tissue cells, the study was performed, in which used the (∆Ct Using a Reference Gene method) by quntitive -real time PCR technique. Results were found a significant difference (p<0.05), as the gene expression of (GnRH-R) higher in the ovaries and uterus tissue cells in Damascus goats compared with the Iraqi goats. In conclusion; the multiple pregnancies of twins in Damascus goats may be due to an increase gene expression of (GnRH-R) in the ovaries and uterus tissue

GnRH-R gene --- Damascus goats --- Iraqi goats --- ovaries --- uterus

The objective of this study was to evaluate long and short-term protocols of estrus synchronization and their impact on the fertility in Iraqi goats. This study was conducted in the college of veterinary medicine at Diyala University for the duration extends from May - 2014 until November - 2014. The study included sixteen multiparous goats, these goats were allocated into two groups: Group I (short- term protoco),Group II (long-term protocol) treated with intravaginal sponges contain(20mg) cronolone (fluorogestone acetate) for 9 days for the Group I, and 12 days for the Group II and injection (250µg) cloprostenol for both groups in day of insertion. The goats of two groups were injected (750 IU) PMSG before 24 hours of removal the vaginal sponges and placed with one mature buck. Estrus detection was done by visual inspection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed trans-abdominally using a real-time ultrasound examination with a 3.5MHz sector transducer, whereas, the scan was performed at 40-50day after estrus (estrus day=day 0).No significant difference was observed in the interval between the ends of the estrus synchronization protocol and standing heat amongst the goats of two groups. Whereas all goats show estrus signs after 36-48 hours from withdrawal of intravaginal sponges. The number of pregnant goats in two groups was (10/16; 62.5 %) while the number of non-pregnant goats in both groups was (6/16; 37.5%) with significant difference between these two groups at (P<0.01). The number of pregnant goats in the short-term protocol and long-term protocol was (4/8; 50%) and (6/8; 75%), respectively, with significant difference between two groups at (P<0.01). Litter size was 300% and166.7% in the short term protocol and long term protocol, respectively, with significant difference between two rates at (P<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that both two treatments protocols by using progestagen intravaginal sponges combined with PMSG and PGF2α were effective in estrus synchronization, and had positive effect on the fertility in Iraqi goats during breeding season.

estrus synchronization --- PMSG --- progestagen --- PGF2α --- goats

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of electricalstimulation and salt infusion on improvement of some meat qualitycharacteristics of aged female goat. Thirty female goats, age 7-8 years and 40.50kg in weight were managed, fed a like and slaughtered thereafter. The carcasseswere divided into 7 groups and each group were subjected to one of thefollowing treatments : T1 : Control , T2 : electrical stimulation (80 volts , 25 Hzfor 2 min), T3 : electrical stimulation (200 volts , 25 Hz for 2 min) , T4 : sodiumchloride infusion (0.6) , T5 : calcium chloride infusion (0.3 M) , T6 : T2 + T4and T7 : T2 + T5.Results obtained may be summarized as follows: The pH values inLongissimus dorsi (LD), Semimembranosus (SM) and Bicepe Fomoris (BF) inT2 and T3 declined rapidly and the muscles required the shortest period of timeto reach pH 6 in comparison with the other treatments. There were nosignificant differences among the treatments in temperature decline, drip loss,thaw loss and cooking loss. Higher water holding capacity values were obtainedwith LD in T7 (30.47%), SM in T5 (28.10%) and BF in T5 (30.25%) whereas,the lowest values for the three muscles were in T1, LD also surpassed the othertwo muscles in water holding capacity. There were significant differencesamong the treatments in sarcomere length, where BF was superior to othermuscles.It can be concluded from this study that electrical stimulation and infusionof NaCl or CaCl2 improve meat quality characteristics of aged female goatmeat.___________

استهدفت التجربة دراسة تأثير معاملتي التحفيز الكهربائي والحقن بالأملاح والتأثير المشترك لهمافي تحسين بعض الصفات النوعية للحوم إناث الماعز المسنة. استخدمت ( 30 ) أنثى ماعز مسنة تتراوح8 سنوات بمتوسط وزن حي 40.50 كغم. وزعت عشوائياً على سبعة معاملات هي - أعمارها بين 7التحفيز الكهربائي ،(T التحفيز الكهربائي ( 80 فولت بتردد 25 هيرتز لمدة دقيقتين) ( 2 ،(T السيطرة ( 1الحقن بمحلول كلوريد الصوديوم تركيز ( 0.6 مولار) ،(T 200 فولت بتردد 25 هيرتز لمدة دقيقتين) ( 3 )التحفيز الكهربائي ( 80 فولت) + ،(T الحقن بمحلول كلوريد الكالسيوم تركيز ( 0.3 مولار) ( 5 ،(T4)والتحفيز الكهربائي ( 80 فولت) + الحقن (T الحقن بمحلول كلوريد الصوديوم تركيز ( 0.6 مولار) ( 6ثم أجريت مجموعة من القياسات الفيزيائية .(T بمحلول كلوريد الكالسيوم بتركيز ( 0.3 مولار) ( 7والكيميائية. وقد بينت النتائج ما يلي :كانت أفضل المعاملات من حيث الانخفاض السريع في الرقم الهيدروجيني T و 3 T إن المعاملتين 26) بوقت اقصر مقارنة ببقية معاملات التجربة.عدم وجود فروقات معنوية في معدل ) pH والوصول إلىانخفاض درجة الحرارة ونسبة الفقد في السائل الناضح أو نسبة الفقد بعد التذويب ونسبة الفقد أثناء%30.47 ) في ) T الطبخ بين جميع معاملات التجربة.وسجلت أعلى قيمة لقابلية حمل الماء في المعاملة 728.10 و 30.25 %) في ) T وفي المعاملة 5 Longissimus Dorsi (LD) العضلة الطولية الظهريةBiceps و العضلة الفخذية ثنائية الرأس Semimembranosus (SM) ألعضله نصف الغشائيةفي العضلات T على التوالي ، في حين كانت اقل قيمة لهذه الصفة في المعاملة 1 (BF) Femorisكذلك ، Sarcomer بين المعاملات في طول الساركومير (P < الثلاث. وكانت الفروق معنوية ( 0.05والبالغتين LD و SM والبالغة 1.82 % في طول الساركومير على العضلتين BF تفوقت معنويا عضلة1.74 و 1.60 % على التوالي. يتضح مما تقدم بأن استخدام التحفيز الكهربائي والحقن بالأملاح (كلوريدالصوديوم وكلوريد الكالسيوم) في ذبائح إناث الماعز المسنة أدى إلى تحسين الصفات النوعية للحومالمنتجة من هذه الذبائح.PDF created

Key words: meat quality --- electrical stimulation --- meat goats. PDF created