Background: Hearing loss has a detrimental effect on the patient`s communication, vocational and social life, and in children, it affect speech development and school performance. There are many types of hearing aids to help the patients to overcome the difficulty of hearing and communication and some of them, like the in the ear hearing aids, are preferred cosmetically. Binaural hearing aid fitting was proved superior to monaural fitting in terms of speech discrimination in noise and localization of sound. Objectives: to compare the types of hearing aids dispensed in private and governmental sectors. Methods: Hearing aid users from private and governmental sectors were analyzed retrospectively during the interval from Jan to Dec 2012, and it included 110 and 166 hearing aid users respectively. Results: Privately, 59.1% of hearing impaired patients used in the ear type, 40.9% used behind the ear type and the rest of patients, 11.8%, used binaural hearing aids; whereas in the governmental sector, the users of these types accounted to 3.1%, 96.9% and 0% respectively. About two-thirds or more of the ears aided with hearing aids were of moderate degree and sensori-neural type in both sectors. Conclusions: It is necessary to change the policy of hearing aid fitting in the governmental sector with paying more attention to binaural hearing aid fitting, and hearing aid prescription is geared to the need and desire of hearing aid users.

Hearing aids --- unilateral or monaural fitting --- Bilateral or binaural fitting

Summary:Background:Incisional hernia is frequently occurring post operative complication after general surgery with occurance rate 2%-----11%,, it is either appear soon after operation or late occurring incisional hernia..Patient &methods: This is a prospective study that was conducted on 84 patients who were admitted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from Oct. 1999 to Aug. 2001 for repair of incisional hernias. Their ages were ranging from 24-74 years with mean age of (48 ±12). Sixty-nine patients were elective and 15 patients were urgent. Assessment of the patients for the predisposing factors influencing the development of incisional hernia was done and in our study these factors were: -Results:.Wound infection in 66%, midline incision in 58.3%, obesity 55%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with, respiratory tract infection (RTI) in 44%, multiparty with gynecological and obstetric procedures were 42.9%, diabetes mellitus (D.M) 28.9%, Old age in 21.4%, contaminated bowel surgery 21.4% & finally wound dehiscence with re-suturing in 7.1%. Simple repair was performed in 57 patients and prolene mesh repair was used for 27 patients and follow-up was continued for 6 months except for 8 patients who were lost from follow-up. Results of simple repair was associated with many complications including recurrence in 4 patients, wound infection in 10 patients, seroma in 3 patients deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in one patient.Whereas Mesh repair was followed with minimal complications of seroma in 3 patients and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in one patient and no recurrence was recorded.Conclusion: wound infection,,obesity,emergency surgery ,type of suture material & type of wound all areimportant factors leading to I.H. Key word: incisional hernia causes,,simple or mesh repair.__________________________________________________________________________________________

incisional hernia causes --- simple or mesh repair

Assembly sequence generation is one of the major difficulties in assembly planning process. In this paper, disassembly sequence generation has been used as approach to generate products assembly sequence. Assembly sequence is generated here by tracing disassembly steps starting with completed product and working backward down to its basic components. Practically, in this work degrees of freedom DOFs analysis has been used to generate disassembly sequence. The approach has involve six steps proposed generate assembly sequence. This approach has been implemented on a virtual product and shows its ability to generate assembly sequence for the product in question.

تمثل عملية توليد تسلسل التجميع احد الصعوبات الكبرى في عملية التخطيط للتجميع. في هذا البحث، اتخذ تسلسل التفكيك طريقا لتوليد تسلسل التجميع حيث تم تتبع عملية التفكيك بالعودة إلى الخلف بدءا من المنتوج النهائي ولحين الوصول إلى مكوناته الأساسية. تم هنا الاستفادة من تحليل درجات الحرية لمكونات المنتوج لغرض الوصول إلى التسلسل الممكن لعمليات التفكيك. وعليه تم في هذا البحث تقديم منهجية مقترحه متكونة من 6خطوات لتوليد تسلسل التجميع. تم تطبيق هذه المنهجية على منتوج افتراضي وقد أظهرت قابلية على توليد تسلسل لتجميع ذلك المنتوج.

Degrees of Freedom Analysis --- Assembly --- Sequence --- Planning --- AND/OR Graph.

In this paper an evaluation the detection performances for (AND-CFAR) and (OR-CFAR) processors under different clutter models is done for pulsed radar system.The clutter models used in this paper are three types of distribution (Exponential Clutter distribution, Rayleigh Clutter distribution and Weibull Clutter distribution).The two detectors (AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR) are the improved conventional Cell Average-CFAR (CA-CFAR) and Order Statistics CFAR (OS-CFAR) by making full use of the cell information. The two CFAR processors combine the results of the CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR to get a better detection performance.The mathematical equations of the probability of detection and probability of false alarm to the two detectors (AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR) for the three clutter models are founded under the assumptions that a homogenous background with a Swerling I target, and the reference cells are Independent and Identically Distributed (IID), also the detection performances of these detectors (AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR) have been evaluated for the three clutter models first and compared between them with those of CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR for Rayleigh distribution using MATLAB-Programming (M-File).In this paper is founded that the detection performance to AND-CFAR and OR-CFAR has not been affected by changing clutter models (clutter probability density function) for fixed probability of false alarm, also for the same probability of detection (Pd=0.7) and for fixed probability of false alarm (Pfa=10-6) and N=12, signal-to-ratio power ration (SNR) which ensure this Pd is equal (18dB) for AND-CFAR, but its equal (18.5dB) for OR-CFAR, this means AND-CFAR is better detection performance than OR-CFAR for different clutter models.

في هذا البحث تقييم لأداء الكشف للمعالجين (AND-CFAR) و (OR-CFAR) تحت تأثير انواع مختلفة من الأشارات غير المرغوب فيها (Clutter) تم انجازه لمنظومة الرادار النبضي.في هذا البحث تم دراسة تأثير ثلاثة توزيعات احتمالية مختلفة للأشارات غير المرغوب فيها (Clutter) وهي (Rayleigh distribution و Weibull distribution و Exponential distribution).يعد المعالجان اعلاه تحسينا للأنواع التقليدية (CA-CFAR) و (OS-CFAR) باستيفاء تام لمعلومات الخلية، كما هما حصيلة بناء من (CA-CFAR) و (OS-CFAR) للحصول على افضل اداء للكشف.المعادلات الرياضية لأحتماليات الكشف والأنذار الكاذب للمعالجين (AND-CFAR) و (OR-CFAR) تم ايجادهما للانواع الثلاثة من الأشارات غير المرغوب فيها تحت افتراض خلفية متجانسة للهدف ويتطابق مع حالة Swerling الأولى وجميع الخلايا مستقلة وموزعة بصورة متماثلة، كذلك تم احتساب اداء الكشف للمعالجين (AND-CFAR) و (OR-CFAR) ومقارنته مع الأنواع التقليدية (CA-CFAR) و (OS-CFAR) لحالة التوزيع (Rayleigh) باستخدام برنامج MATLAB (M-File).في هذا البحث وجد ان اداء الكشف للمعالجين (AND-CFAR) و (OR-CFAR) لا يتأثر بتغير شكل الأشارة غير المرغوب فيها (clutter PDF) عندما احتمالية الأنذار الكاذب ثابتة، كذلك لنفس احتمالية الكشف (Pd=0.7) عندما احتمالية الأنذار الكاذب ثابتة (Pfa=10-6) و N=12، نسبة قدرة الأشارة الى الضوضاء المؤكدة لأحتمالية الكشف اعلاه يساوي (18dB) لحالة (AND-CFAR) لكنها تساوي (18.5dB) لحالة (OR-CFAR) مما يدل على أن اداء الكشف للمعالج (AND-CFAR) افضل من اداء الكشف للمعالج (OR-CFAR) للأنواع الثلاثة من الأشارات غير المرغوب بها (Clutter).

AND-CFAR --- OR-CFAR --- OS-CFAR --- CA-CFAR --- Clutter

The dislocation is shot dowry Baynunah junior does not Vskha not revocable divorce because divorce was money which the wife made her money to own Asmtha and proceeded to God redemption for that, he said: (interpretation of the limits of God Iqima not stand them in Avcdt it ...)Had reactionary did not get the purpose for which began for him, because revocable divorce does not remove the king, as the husband take his wife as long as iddah did not get what it understood only that which removes a King irrevocable divorce.

إن الخُلع هو طلقة بائنة بينونة صغرى لا فسخاً ولا طلاقاً رجعياً لأن الخُلع كان بمال الزوجة وهي التي بذلت مالها لتملك عصمتها ولله تعالى شّرع الافتداء لذلك فقال: (فإن خفتم ألا يقيما حدود الله فلا جناح عليهما فيما افتدت به...) ولو كان رجعياً لم يحصل الغرض الذي شُرع من أجله، لأن الطلاق الرجعي لا يُزيل الملك، إذ للزوج أن يراجع زوجته ما دامت بالعدة فلم تحصل على مقصودها إلا بالذي يزيل الملك وهو الطلاق البائن.

Khula divorce judgment Or rescind --- حكم الخلُع طلاق --- فسخ