The aim of the current study is to in evaluate the role of SOD activity in the previously reported oxidative stress in our laboratory(1), in the patients with different brain tumors. SOD activity was assayed according to riboflavin/NBT method and its specific activity was calculated in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors and control. Moreover the specific activity was compared in these samples according to gender and the occurrence of disease.Non significant elevation (P > 0.05) in SOD specific activity was observed in tissue of malignant tumors in comparison to that of in benign brain tumors. While a highly significant decrease (P < 0.001) of the specific activity was found in sera of malignant patients group in comparison to that of the control group, and it was found lower in female than male in control and malignant groups. An elevation in this specific activity was noticed in patients with secondary brain tumors in comparison to that of primary brain tumors (P<0.05). From the results of the present study we conclude that the observed decrease in SOD activity in sera of patients with different type of brain tumors contribute to the oxidative stress that previously reported in our laboratory to be present in such patients.

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد دور فعالية انزيم SOD في الجهد التأكسدي والذي سبق وان سجل وجوده في أنسجة ومصل الدم من قبل الباحثين في مختبرنا في المرضى المصابين بأورام الدماغ المختلفة. لقد تم تقدير فعالية انزيم SOD بإعتماد طريقة riboflavin/NBT والفعالية النوعية لهذا الانزيم في المرضى المصابين بأورام الدماغ الحميدة والخبيثة والأصحاء، فضلا عن ذلك فقد تمت مقارنة الفعالية النوعية في المجاميع المدروسة إعتماداً على الجنس.أظهرت النتائج ارتفاع غير ملموس في الفعالية النوعية لانزيم SOD في انسجة المصابين بأورام الدماغ الحميدة P>0.05 في حين لوحظ انخفاض ملموس جداً في هذه الفعالية النوعية في مصول المصابين بأورام الدماغ الخبيثة مقارنة مع الاشخاص الأصحاء P<0.001. كما وجد ان الفعالية النوعية لهذا الانزيم منخفضة في النساء مقارنة بالرجال لمجاميع الاصحاء والمصابين بأورم الدماغ الخبيثة، وعند مقارنة الفعالية النوعية لهذا الانزيم في مصول الأشخاص المصابين بأورام الدماغ الخبيثة الابتدائية مع تلك للمصابين باورام الدماغ الخبيثة الثانوية، أظهرت النتائج وجود زيادة فيها في مصول أولئك المصابين بأورام الدماغ الخبيثة الثانوية (سرطان الدماغ) مقارنة مع أولئك المصابين بالأورام الإبتدائية فيها. ممكن الاستنتاج من نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان الانخفاض الملحوظ في فعالية الانزيم SOD في مصول المرضى المصابين بأنواع مختلفة من أورام الدماغ يساهم في الجهد التأكسدي الذي سبق وان سجل عند هؤلاء المرضى في مختبرنا.

Brain tumor --- Superoxide dismutase --- Reactive oxygen species

Atrazine (ATZ)is remaining as one of the most widely broad spectrum pesticide used to control on annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. While Chromium Cr (III) it has been used currently as food supplemented. The current study was designed to determine impact of Cr at 7,30 and 300ppm on liver was in absence or in the present of (25 and 50mg/kg) of ATZ for 6 weeks in rats. Results indicated that deficiency or supplementation with Cr did not cause measurable toxicity and has no obvious effect on oxidative stress or anti-oxidant enzymes and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the results showed that the mixture increased level of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Moreover, the mixture had effects on antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH), activity where demonstrated more sever in liver tissue compared to Cr alone, especially as dose of ATZ increased. Moreover, as dose of Cr in the mixture was increased, the ROS, AhR, CAT, GSH activity was increased compared to low Cr values. However, SOD activity showed reduction in elevation of mixture concentrations. The results of this study suggest that there is synergic impact of co-exposure to ATZ and Cr on the parameters used as markers for liver toxicity in the current study. Further studies are warranted to investigate the interact of Cr and ATZ toxicity in more detail and to avoid having the Cr supplement where ATZ exposure is identified.

Atrazine --- Chromium --- Reactive Oxygen Species --- ROS --- Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase

The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between ß-carotene as antioxidant with malondialdehyde (oxidative stress) in the serum of asthmatic patients. In this study, a total number of (50) asthmatic patients (24 males, 26 females) visiting Allergic and Asthma Medical Center in Basrah city were involved and according to age, sex, severity, smoking and family history. From each patient serum blood samples were collected to estimate the malondialdehyde (MDA) and ß-carotene. In addition, (50) healthy subjects were investigated as a control group. We found that a highly significant increase lipid peroxidation measured as MDA (p< 0.01) for all asthmatic patients as compared to healthy control. Also the (MDA) serum level increases significantly (p< 0.05) with age and severity, while a highly significant (p< 0.01) is with smoker patients and positive family history. The study also revealed a statistically significant decrease (p< 0.01) in ß-carotene serum level in all asthmatic patients as compared to healthy control. In regard to age and severity, serum ß-carotene level decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while with smoker patients and positive family history a highly significant decrease (p< 0.01). There were no significant changes in the (MDA) and ß-carotene levels between male and female patients. Moreover, a negative correlation was also observed between ß-carotene with (MDA) level in the patient group with these variables. In conclusion, asthmatic patients suffer a high degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation causing considerable oxidative stress indicated by high level oxidant (MDA) and low level of the antioxidant ß-carotene.

صممت الدراسة على أساس تقييم العلاقة بين بيتا- كاروتين كمضاد للاكسدة مع المالونداي الديهايد (فرط الاكسدة) لمصل دم مرضى الربو, حيث تضمن البحث دراسة (50) حالة مرضية (24 ذكور, 26 إناث) حيث تم جمع العينات من مركز الحساسية والربو في محافظة ألبصره – العراق. تم تقسيم المرضى على وفق مجموعة متغيرات تشمل العمر‚الجنس‚ شدة المرض‚ التدخين‚ والتاريخ العائلي. مقارنة مع (50) حالة للأصحاء (24 ذكور, 26 إناث) كمجموعة سيطرة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ارتفاعا معنويا في بيروكسيد الشحوم (فرط الأكسدة) المقاس كمالونداي الديهايد في مصل دم مرضى الربو ( (p< 0.01 مقارنة مع الاصحاء.كذلك ارتفع مستواه معنويا (p< 0.05) بتقدم العمر وزيادة شدة المرض. بينما مع المرضى المدخنين والذين لديهم تاريخ عائلي موجب يكون (p< 0.01) .كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في مستوى بيتا – كاروتين كمضاد للأكسدة (p< 0.01) في مصل دم مرضى الربو مقارنة مع الأصحاء. ويزداد هذا الانخفاض معنويا (p< 0.05) بتقدم العمر وشدة المرض‚ بينما مع المرضى المدخنين والذين لديهم تاريخ عائلي (p< 0.01). علاوة على ذلك لوحظ ارتباط سالب بين مستوى بيتا – كاروتين مع مستوى المالونداي الديهايد في مجموعة المرضى مع هذه المتغيرات. نستنتج من خلال نتائج هذه الدراسة بان عند المرضى المصابين بالربو درجة أعلى من تكوين الأنواع النشطة للأوكسجين والتي تسبب إجهادا مؤكسدا وزيادة في بيروكسيد الشحوم مصحوبا بتناقص في مضادات الأكسدة مثل بيتا – كاروتين.

MDA: Malondialdehyde --- ROS: Reactive oxygen species --- RNS: Reactive nitrogen species. LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

Background and objectives: Poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs ) that contain two or more double bonds are particularly susceptible to oxidation by free radicals and other highly reactive species. Malondialdehyde( MDA) is one of many low molecular weight endproducts of lipid hydroperoxide decomposition and is the most often measured as an index of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present study was to measure the serum level of MDA in healthy non athletics and athletics.Methods : This study was carried out during the period from April 2007 to September 2007 on 53 healthy non athletics (27 males and 26 females), and 31 healthy athletics (16 males and 15 females). Serum MDA level was measured colorimetrically using thiobarbituric acid method .Results: The mean value of serum MDA was significantly higher in healthy athletics than that of healthy non athletics (p<0.05). The mean value of serum MDA in females was non significantly higher than that of males (p>0.05) in both groups . The mean value of serum MDA was significantly higher in healthy non athletic smokers than that of non smokers (p<0.001) .Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study , it can be concluded that regular exercise training causes excess lipid peroxidation and generation of significant amounts of MDA, one of the most important harmful free radicals .Therefore athletics should take a diet rich in antioxidants or appropriate amount of antioxidant vitamins ( A, C,and E) .

Serum malondialdehyde --- MDA --- Exercise training --- Reactive oxygen species --- ROS --- Free radicals

Background: Reactive oxygen species are usually produced by the living cell and have different functions in its normal activity and considered as one of the factors that involved in heart disease. Malondialdehyde (MDA) considered as one of the most indictors of oxidative stress and damage produced as a result of lipid peroxidation. Objectives: The main objective is to evaluate serum oxidative stress by measuring the changes in the level of MDA as a marker of oxidative stress and demonstrate the correlation of MDA with lipid profile in patients subjected to open‑heart surgery. Methods: A case–control study was carried out in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of medicine,Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. The study was carried out for 50 patients subjected to open‑heart surgery recruited from the Medical City/IraqiCenter for Heart Disease and Ibn Al‑Bitar Cardiac Surgery Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Baghdad, Iraq between October 1, 2017and March 1, 2018. The levels of MDA and lipid profile were measured in the serum of 50 patients, in three different interval preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative and compared with 30 age‑ and gender‑matched controls. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant difference in the serum MDA level between patient during preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative stage against control group and significant differences in their MDA levels among all patients’ stages. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between serum MDA level and total cholesterol in the early postoperative stage. Conclusions: There was an increase in the level of MDA in the early postoperative stage as an indicator of reperfusion damage that occurs immediately after open‑heart surgery which then decreases dramatically with decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol (LDL‑C), and very‑LDL‑C.

Lipid peroxidation --- lipid profile --- malondialdehyde --- open‑heart surgery --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species