Search results:
Found 15
Listing 1 - 10 of 15 | << page >> |
Sort by
|
Propolis is a complex resinous bee product that has a wide range of biological activities. In thepresent investigation, two oral doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) of propolis (ethanol extract) wereevaluated immunologically in albino male mice (80 animals) through three types of experiments. Inthe first, the propolis was tested alone, while in the second and third experiments, propolis was givenbefore and after the immune suppressive drug MMC (pre- and posttreatments, respectively). The three experiments were paralleled with three negative controls, inwhich the propolis was replaced with distilled water. In the first experiment, the dose 10 mg/kg ofpropolis enhanced the parameters investigated, and a significant increase was observed in the totalcount of leucocytes (10.7 vs. 7.8 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood), lymphocytes (7.0 vs. 5.3 x 103cells/cu.mm.blood), neutrophils (2.9 vs. 2.1 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood), monocytes(0.5 vs. 0.3 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood) and eosinophils (0.3 vs. 0.1 x 103 cells/cu.mm. blood), PI (15.2vs. 10.8%), PFC (72 vs. 38%), AR (0.84 vs. 0.57 mm) and DTH (0.68 vs. 0.40) as compared tonegative controls. Much more enhancements were observed in the dose 20 mg/kg. In the second andthird experiments, a similar picture was drawn in the interaction of propolis (pre- and posttreatments)with MMC, in which the propolis extract was able to modulate the immune suppressiveeffect of MMC, and this was dependent on the type of treatment and dose, and again, the dose 20mg/kg was more effective in this respect.Key words and Abbreviations: Arthus reaction (AR), Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH),Mitomycin C (MMC), Phagocytic index (PI),Plaque forming cells (PFC), Propolis and Sheep red blood cells (SRBC).
Acetaminophen --- Salbutamol --- Human Uterus
A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotmetic method for trace determination of salbutamol sulphate (SBS) in aqueous solution and in pharmaceutical preparations is described .The method is based on the coupling reaction of the intended compound with diazotized 4-aminoacetophenone (DAAPH) in alkaline medium to form an intense yellow-orange, water soluble dye that is stable and shows maximum absorption at 463 nm .A graph of absorbance versus concentration indicates that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 12.5-750.0 g of SBS in a final volume of 25-mL ( i.e. 0.5-30.0 ppm), with a molar absorbtivity 2.722×104 L.mol1.cm1 ,a sandell’s sensitivity of 0.0212 g.cm2, a relative error of (1.314) 0.763 and a relative standard deviation of 0.216-1.131 depending on the concentration of SBS. The optimum conditions and stability of the colored product have been investigated and the method was applied successfully to the determination of SBS in dosage forms.
يتضمن البحث تطوير طريقة طيفية بسيطة و سريعة وحساسة للتقدير الكمي للمقادير الضئيلة من مستحضركبريتات السلبيوتامول في المحاليل المائية باستخدام الطريقة الطيفية . تعتمد الطريقة على تفاعل ازدواج المستحضر المذكور مع كاشف 4-امينواسيتوفينون المؤزوت في وسط قاعدي حيث يتكون ناتج اصفر-برتقالي مستقر وذائب في الماء اعطى اعلى امتصاص عند طول موجي 463 نانومتر .يشير الرسم البياني للامتصاص مقابل التركيزبان قانون بير ينطبق ضمن مدى التركيز 12.5- 750.0 مايكروغرام من كبريتات السلبيوتامول في حجم نهائي 25 مل (اي ما يكافئ 0.5-30.0جزء بالمليون) وكانت قيمة الامتصاصية المولارية مساوية الى 2.722 ×104 لتر.مول-1.سم-1 وقيمة حساسية ساندل 0.0212 مايكروغرام .سم-2 مع خطأ نسبي (-1.314 )-0.763 % وانحراف قياسي نسبي %1.131-0.216 أعتمادا على مستوى التركيز المراد تقديره.تمت دراسة الظروف المثلى للتفاعل وتطبيق الطريقة على المستحضرات الصيدلانية الحاوية على كبريتات السلبيوتامول.
Management of preterp'labour generally treated by salbutamol even with some expected disturbing -maternal pulmonary oedema , respiratory distress and cardiovascular side effects and neonatal low-sized and cellularity of thymus and lymph nodes . This demands finding a substitute free of these side effects . Initially, acetaminophen was tested on rats uterine horns and on pregnant rats and reported an effective relaxation of the uterine horns and profound delay in parturition . These results jestified an in-vitro study on strips of gravid human uterus ruptured during difficult labour. Acetaminophen (50 mg) reduced tension by 50% which was comparable decrease in tension when 5 gg of salbutamol was added. Profound drop in tension when adjunct use of both drugs, while repeated three doses of 50 mg acetoaminophen were added separately resulted in corresponding drops in tesion down to below resting level . These findings encouraged future clinical trials on threatened women with abortion since the use of acetaminophen in the usual dosage is effective tocolytic agent without any maternal side effect but with mild possible neonatal lung congestion as a result of transient narrowing of ductus arteriosis especially in advanced gestation age.
Acetaminophen --- Salbutamol --- Human Uterus
Despite wide spread use of epinephrine β2-agonists in infants with bronchiolitis since the late 1950s, the efficacy of these drugs remains unproven. The objective of the study is to determine the effective treatment with subcutaneous (s.c) epinephrine versus nebulized salbutamol on O2 saturation and rate of admission to hospital in patients (age 2 years or less) with bronchiolitis. Single dose of epinephrine (0.01 mg/kg) has been used across various age groups of 2 years or less (maximum dose used was 0.15 mg) and no complications were reported suggesting that the dose is safe; however the maximum safe dose cannot be interpreted from this study. The response to sc epinephrine in patients younger than 12 months was significantly better than in older patients, suggesting a useful role of s.c epinephrine in bronchiolitis in this age. The s.c epinephrine relieves clinical manifestations of respiratory distress (wheezing, chest retractions, flaring of alanasi, cyanosis) and improves parameters of respiratory distress (oxygen saturation, respiratory rate) in infants treated for acute bronchiolitis with maximal effectiveness at 30-60 minute. For s.c epinephrine, every patient had his own disposable syringe; while for nebulized salbutamol, all patients share the same nebulizer. So that, s.c epinephrine may decrease the likelihood of transmission of infection between the patients. The s.c epinephrine reduces the admission rate (13%), compared to nebulized salbutamol (24%). The observation that peak action of s.c epinephrine occurs 30-60 minutes after administration suggests the need for caution in repetitive administration during this period.
Epinephrine --- Salbutamol --- Bronchiolitis
Background: Liposomes are new drug delivery systems consist of lipidbilayer membrane that encapsulate water and lipid soluble drugs.Materials and methods: Liposomal suspension was prepared usingchloroform film method. Different amount of cholesterol and lecithin(100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 mg) were used and their effect on particlesize, encapsulation efficiency and drug release was studied. Cholesterolused in different ratios such as (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) for Cholesterol: Lecithinrespectively to evaluate its effect on particle size, encapsulationefficiency and drug release. The effect of increasing salbutamol HClamount from 10mg to 20mg on encapsulation efficiency was alsostudied.Results: The morphology of the prepared formulae showed uniformunilamellar liposomes enclosing the drug in the internal aqueous phase.The observed results of our work suggest that chloroform film method isa good alternative method for the preparation of liposomes for watersoluble drugs because of its simplicity, low cost, time saving and fewprocessing steps.Conclusions: The work suggests a formula that may improve thepermeability of salbutamol HCl through mucosal membrane.
Salbutamol liposomal suspension --- Cholesterol --- Lecithin
Cell migration is a complex and dynamic biological process, it's the movement of the cell from one area to another, generally in response to a chemical signal. It is an essential feature of living cells for functions such as wound repair, tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, and immune response. Keratinocytes have the enzymatic machinery to generate catecholamines, they can synthesize endogenous epinephrine, which could be locally secreted into the wound and function in an autocrine manner. To determine whether beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) antagonist and agonist altered endothelial cells (EC) migration, single-cell migration (SCM) assays were performed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence and absence of β2AR agonist and antagonist. Screening the tested drugs revealed that the salbutamol (β2AR agonist) significantly decreases migration rate on (HUVEC) compared with control group, while timolol (β2AR antagonist) significantly increases the migration rate. In conclusion the administration of timolol increase single cell migration resulting and enhancement of re-epitheliazation, while administration of salbutamol decrease single cell migration resulting in inhibition of wound re-epitheliazation.
Migration --- salbutamol --- timolol --- HUVEC --- In vitro
During this work, some new medical salbutamol,s derivatives were prepared, characterized and
their biological activity was determined. A simple and efficient procedure for obtaining 4-(1-
oxoacetyl-2-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol 2 (acetylated salbutamol 2) from a reaction
between acetic anhydride and 4-(1-hydroxy-2-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol 1
(salbutamol 1) in an acidic medium was reported. A coupling reaction between the diazonium salts
of aniline derivatives with an acetylated salbutamol 2 gave the new corresponding azo derivatives
in the selective yields. These compounds were characterized by various physical techniques like:
FTIR spectra, UV-Visible spectra, determination of the total number of hydroxyl groups of an
acetylated salbutamol 2, melting point and the evaluation of microbial activity in vitro against Gram
+Ve, Gram -Ve bacteria and fungi. A potent antibacterial activity was noticed only for the following
compounds:
2-(2¢,4¢-Dichloroazophenyl)-4-(1-oxoacetyl-2¢¢-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol 3.
2-(2¢,3-Dimethylazophenyl)-4-(1-oxoacetyl-2¢¢-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol 5.
2-(5-Mercapto-1¢,3,4¢-thiadiazol-2¢-azoyl)-4-(1-oxoacetyl-2¢¢-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl
phenol 6.
إنّ أهداف هذا البحث هوتحضير وتشخيص وتعيين الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مشتقات السلبوتمول الدوائية الجديدة. لقد تمّ إيجاد طريقة كفوءة وبسيطة لتحضير المركب [4 – (1 – أوكسوأستيل – 2 – رابع بيوتيل أمين الاثيل) – 6 – ميثانوليل فينول 2] أو (أستيل السلبوتمول 2) من تفاعل حامض الخليك اللامائي في الوسط الحامضي مع المركب [4 – (1 – هيدروكسي – 2 – رابع بيوتيل أمين الاثيل) – 6 – ميثانوليل فينول 1] أو (السلبوتمول 1). إنّ تفاعل الازدواج بين مركبات أملاح الدايازونيوم لمشتقات الانيلين مع المركب (أستيل السلبوتمول 2) أعطى مركبات الازو الجديدة المقابلة وبمنتوج جيد. لقد تمّ تشخيص هذه المركبات الجديدة بوساطة مختلف التقنيات الفيزيائية مثل: طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء، وطيف الاشعة المرئية وفوق البنفسجية، وحسابات تعيين عدد مجاميع الهيدروكسيل في المركب (أستيل السلبوتمول 2)، وتحديد درجة الانصهار، إضافة الى تعيين الفعالية البايولوجية ضد البكتيريا الموجبة والبكتيريا السالبة والفطريات، وأظهرتْ الدراسة وجود فعالية بايولوجية للمركبات الجديدة الآتية فقط:2 – (2،4 – ثنائي كلورو آزوفنيل) – 4 – (1 – أوكسواستيل 2 – رابع بيوتيل أمين الاثيل) – 6 – ميثانوليل فينول 3.2 – (2، 3 – ثنائي مثيل آزو فنيل) – 4 – (1 – أوكسواستيل 2 – رابع بيوتيل أمين الاثيل) – 6 – ميثانوليل فينول 5.2 – ( 5 – مركبتو 1، 3، 4 – ثايادايازول – 2 أزويل) – 4 – (1 – أوكسواستيل 2 – رابع بيوتيل أمين الاثيل) – 6 – ميثانوليل فينول 6.
Acetylated salbutamol --- aniline derivatives --- diazonium salt and microbial study.
A new simple and sensitive colorimetric method has been developed for determination of salbutamol in aqueous solutions. The method is based on the formation of a yellow colored azo dye by diazotization of 2,4-dichloroaniline, followed by a azo-coupling reaction between the resulting product and salbutamol. The maximum absorbance of azo dye at 447 nm. Beer's law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2.5-20 μg/ml with range of molar absorptivity between(4000-7265) Lmol-1cm-1. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated.
طُوّرتْ طريقة لونية جديدة بسيطة وحسّاسة لتعيين تركيز السالبيتمول في المادة النقية وفي بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية إنّ تعتمد الطريقةَ على الحصول على لون لصبغة الازو الصفراء عند طول موجي 447 نانومتر والمتكونة مِن ْازدواج السالبيتمول مع ملح الديازونيوم ل 2و4- ثنائي كلورو أنيلين, قانون بير وجد مطاعاَ في مدى تركيزَ20-2.5 ملغم/لتر مع ظهور مدى لقيم الامتصاصية المولارية بين(4000-7265) لتر/مول.سم.وقد قدرت الظروف المثلى للتفاعل وكذلك العوامل التحليلية الأخرى.
Determination --- salbutamol --- 2 --- 4-dichloroaniline azo Coupling Reactions.
This research involves a simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of Salbutamol . The method based on the oxidative coupling reaction of salbutamol with N, N- Dimethyl para phenylene diamine dihydrochloride( DMPPDAD) using Potassium Ferricyanide as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a water soluble product , that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 643 nm. pH between 10.7 -11.7 . at temperature between 20-35 oC. Beer’s law is obeyed in a concentration range 5 to 25 µg / ml with a molar absorptivity of 5719.27 L.mol-1. cm-1, The product was stable for 40 minutes with relative error was 0 to - 0.36 % and a relative standard deviation of 0.78 to 1.96% ,DL= 0.29 µg / ml, RE=99.69% depending on the concentration of Salbutamol. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Salbutamol in inhaler solution
يتضمن البحث طريقة طيفية بسيطة وسريعة وحساسة لتقدير السالبيوتامول. تتضمن الطريقة تفاعل الاقتران التاكسدي للسالبيوتامول مع ن ، ن- ثنائي مثيل بارا فنيلين ثنائي أمين ثنائي هيدروكلوريد باستخدام سيانيد البوتاسيوم الحديديكي بوصفه عامل مؤكسد وفي وسط قاعدي وعند دالة حامضية تتراوح بين 11.7-10.7 الناتج المتكون يكون ذائب بالماء ومستقر ويعطي أعلى شدة امتصاص عند الطول الموجي 643 نانوميتر. كانت مطاوعة قانون بير في مدى التركيز 5-25 مايكروغرام / مل سالبيوتامول وقيمة الامتصاصية المولارية 5719.27 لتر.مول-1.سم-1 عند درجة حرارة تتراوح بين 20-35°م وكان الناتج مستقر لمدة 40 دقيقة . كان الخطأ النسبي بين 0 إلى 0.36- % وقيمة الانحراف القياسي النسبي بين 0.78 إلى .961% ، وبحد كشف 0.29 مايكروغرام / مل ، وباسترجاعية 99.69 % اعتماداً على التركيز للسالبيوتامول . الطريقة المقترحة تم تطبيقها بنجاح في تقدير السالبيوتامول في محلول الاستنشاق .
Background and Objectives: preterm labor complicates 5-10% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide and 70-80% of perinatal deaths occur in preterm infants. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness, safety and adverse effects of the oxytocin antagonist medication(atosiban) with those of beta-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) in the treatment of patients with preterm labor.Patients and Methods: one hundred pregnant women with preterm labor were enrolled in this study from the period of( January 2014 – January 2015) at Al-Diwaniya Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital-Iraq with a gestational age of 24-34 weeks, they were randomly assigned to receive tocolytics either salbutamol (n=50) or atosiban (n=50).Salbutamol was given by(intravenous infusion 10-50 microgram)for up to 48 hour. Atosiban was given by (intravenous bolus dose of 6.75 mg then 300microgram/minute for 3 hour and 100microgram/minute for up to 48hour). Retreatment with the study drugs or alternative tocolytic agents was allowed. Main outcome measures included were tocolytic effectiveness, which was assessed in terms of number of women undelivered after 48hour and 7 days. Tocolytic safety was assessed in terms of maternal and fetal side effects and neonatal morbidity.Results: there were no significant differences between the salbutamol and the atosiban group in prolongation of pregnancy for 48 hour (44% versus67746%;p=0841)and 7 days(20% versus 32%;p=0.171) ,respectively. Maternal adverse events , including tachycardia occurred more frequently in the salbutamol group(22% versus 8%;p=0.050).Neonatal outcomes and complications were comparable between the two study groups(42% versus 32%;p=0.30).Conclusions: the oxytocin antagonist (atosiban) was as effective as beta-agonist(salbutamol) in delaying threatened preterm birth , and found to be better tolerated by both the mother and fetus than salbutamol , with a comparable neonatal safety profil.This study supports the clinical use of atosiban as a first line tocolytic in the treatment of preterm labor
التأثيرات و الاعراض الجانبية لاستتداا عاتاا الاسيستيبا و عتي عاضتد ضلاتاس لووينيتيستيي الب ترعنتا ضنتتابوت الدةيتة قالنااانتة ضتا عاتاا النتالبييساضي وعتي عاضتد ضالتي لننتتابوت البيتتا ت الدةيتة الب تر ةلعوج حالات اليلاسة النبكرة.الطر اة: أجر ت الاااسة ضنت لى اليلاسة و الأطلا التعةين الا يانية العراق , لةلترة ضتي هت ر يتاني -الثان / 4102 و لغا ة ه ر ياني الثان / 4102 ( عةى 011 اضرأة حاضد قعنر 52 01 ستنة( و اسلةتي التى نت -الطتياا ضتا اعتراض لةتيلاسة النبكترة و يانتت تترة الانتد ضتي 52 42 أستبي ( ضتا وجتيس انابالتات لةترح -سنتغرق 51 ثانية قنعا ≤ أاقعة انابالات لو 01 س ياة و يا اسنا عنق الرح ضي 0الى 5 س (و 1التى 5س (لةنياات عا نة اليلاسة وسرعة نبض الجنيي طبيعية , س ساني النر لاات الى ضجنيعتيي: النجنيعة الأولتىو عاسعا 21 ضر لاتة عيلجتت قعاتاا النتالبييساضي عتي طر تق ضاةتي الااتي اليا تا و النجنيعتة الثانيتة 21ضر لاة عيلجت قعاااالاسيسيبا اليا ا ضا ضرا بة هاة الانابالات و الاعراض الجانبية لكد عااا عةى الا والجنيي لغرض سألير اليلاسة النبكرة و ساةيد النلااعلات النر ر ة و الي يات لاى النياليا الداج حا ث اليلاسة.النتتتا: : لتت كتتي عنتتاف التتتو تت ستتألير حتتالات التتيلاسة النبكتترة لنتتاة 21 ستتاعة 22 % ضااقتتد 20 %( و 7أ تا 41 % ضااقتتد 54 %( قتيي النجنيعتتة الأولتى و الثانيتتة عةتى التتتيال و لكتي الاعتتراض الجانبيتة ضثتتد سنتتاانبلاات ةب الا يانت ايثر عنا النجنيعة الأولى الت عيلجت قعاتاا النتالبييساضي 44 % ضااقتد 1%(.لت سكتيعناف التو ات النتا: الإحصا:ية لةنلااعلات النر ر ة لاى النياليا الداج حا ث اليلاسة قيي النجنيعتيي.الاستتنتاج: استتداا عاتاا الاسيستيبا لتا نتتا: ضاااقتة لاستتداا عاتاا النتالبييساضي ت ستألير حتاو التيلاسةالنبكرة و لكي لا أعنية سر ر ة ا لاد ضي النالبييساضي قنب ةة الاعراض الجانبية لاى الا و الجنيي و ننصتقاستتدااضا يتأو لت عوجت لاتالات التيلاسة النبكترة لتاةيتد النلاتاعلات و ننتب الي يتات لتاى الدتاج حتا ثاليلاسة.
preterm labor --- tocolytics --- salbutamol --- atosiban --- pregnancy outcome --- neonatal outcome.
Listing 1 - 10 of 15 | << page >> |
Sort by
|