Background and objective: Increased antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract pathogen is a matter of global public health concern. The purpose of this study was to identify the most common bacteria causing urinary tract infection and detection of antibiotics susceptibility of isolates to evaluate the options for empirical antibiotic therapy in children with urinary tract infection in Erbil city.Methods: This study was conducted in Raparin Teaching Hospital on urine samples culture results over a one year period retrospectively. Hospital microbiology recording book was screened. Throughout the study period, 1622 children suspected to have urinary tract infection were investigated for urine culture. Disc diffusion technique according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) was performed to determine antibiotics susceptibility of isolated bacteria species.Results: Of 1622 children with suspected urinary tract infection, 514(31.69%) had a positive bacterial culture that included 104 males and 410 females. The most common isolates were E Coli (54.1 %), Staphylococcus (19.1%) and Proteus (12.5%). The most effective antibiotics against isolated pathogens were imipenem, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin with sensitivity rate 95.2%, 78.8% and 74.1% respectively.Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli and staphylococcal strains were the most frequent isolated pathogens among our population; empirical antibiotic selection should be based on the knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organism and antibiotic sensitivity.

Factors --- Urinary tract infection --- Antibiotic sensitivity --- Uropathogens

ABSTRACT: Background: Antibacterial resistance is an evolving problem which reflects the antibacterial prescription in our community. Such problem has great impact on proper management and consequences of urinary tract infection (UTI)Aim: To determine the relative role of uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in Al-Hussain Teaching Hospital/ Thi-Qar Province.Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out to review urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing from symptomatic outpatients visiting Al-Hussain Teaching Hospitals/ Thi-Qar Province over the period from June 2007 to June 2008. Results: Of 236 samples, 124(52.5%) were culture positive. Staphylococci and Escherichia coli were the leading cause of UTI accounting for 75% of all isolates. The rates and roles of other pathogens, including Klebsiella species (11%), Pseudomonas species (8%), Enterobacter, Proteus, and Streptococci were responsible for the remaining 6%. More than 75% of isolated Staphylococci and Escherichia coli were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and amikacin, while more than 60% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Sensitivity to commonly prescribed antibacterials as co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin,ampicillin and gentamicin were less. Conclusion: Common uropathogens were highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and to lesser extent to ciprofloxacin, while exhibiting low sensitivity pattern against commonly prescribed antibiotics including co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid and gentamicin.

الخلاصة: من اجل تحديد نمط حساسية البكتيريا المسببة لعدوى القناة البولية للمضادات البكتيرية في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي- محافظة ذي قار تم اجراء دراسة ارتجاعية لنتائج زرع البول و فحوصات حساسية المضادات البكتيرية للمرضى المراجعين للعيادة الاستشارية في المستشفى المذكور ابتداءا من حزيران 2007 و لغاية حزيران 2008.من بين 236 عينة وجد ان 124 (52.5%) عينة موجبة للنمو البكتيري, الستافيلوكوكس و اي كولاي كانت السبب الرئيسي لعدوى القناة البولية(75%) من بين العينات الموجبة, فيما وجد ان الكلبسيلا مسؤلة عن 11%, سودوموناس 8%, اما الانتيروبكتر والبروتيس و الستربتوكوكس فقد شخصت في 6% من العينات.البكتيريا المرضية الاكثر شيوعا اظهرت حساسية معتد بها لكل من الناتروفيورانتوين و الاميكاسين وبدرجة اقل للسبروفلوكساسين. بينما اظهرت حساسية محدودة للمضادات البكتيرية الشائعة الاستعمال و هي الكوترايماكسازول, اموكسسلين, امبسلين, جنتامايسين و نالدكسك اسد.

community-acquired urinary tract infection --- uropathogens --- antibacterial susceptibility --- Thi-Qar Province.

Background: The emergence of the antibiotic resistance in the treatment of UTIs is a serious health problem, especially in the developingcountries where there is high level of ignorance, poverty, and bad hygienic practices, Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the typesof bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus with recurrent urinary tract infections and compare between typesof bacteria in patients with the previous admission to hospital from those who are not. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted on eighty patients with diabetes mellitus and recurrent urinary tract infection, those patients who visited the Outpatient Unit inDiabetic and Endocrine Center in Merjan Medical City in Babylon Province. This study was carried out from March 1, 2016 to September 30,2016. General urine examination was done to the patient with urinary tract infection. Urine samples were sent for culture and sensitivity againstdifferent types of antibiotics. Results: Results found that the mean age of the patients was (58.23 ± 14.38) and majority of them (63.7%) werefemale and (52.5%) of them came from rural area. The main bacteria causing urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli in more than 55% ofcases, while the amikacin antibiotic regard as the best antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infection in this study with lowest resistancepercentage (3.8%). Based on the history of previous admission to the hospital, there was 57.5% with a history of previous admission, andthere was statistically significant difference in the types of bacteria between the two groups. Conclusion: There was significant difference inbacterial type between patients who previously had hospital admission and those who had not. E. coli was the main bacteria causing UTI inthis study. Amikacin showed the best sensitive drug for bacteria that cause urinary tract infection.

Antibiotic sensitivity --- culture and sensitivity --- diabetes mellitus --- recurrent urinary tract infections --- uropathogens