About the journal

ANJS(Al-Nahrain Journal of Science) has been published by College of Science since 1996. This Journal consists of the latest researches in both English and Arabic Languages within the Specializations of the scientific departments in the College.

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In this research, graphene suspension was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes immersed in aqueous solution which contains sulfuric acid, nitric acid and distilled water (H2SO4/HNO3/H2O). DC biases of 10 V have been applied and the graphene foam was deposited on glass slide. The structural and optical properties of graphene was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy (OP) and Uv-Vis spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern shows crystalline structure of graphene with sharp peak at 26.59o corresponds to an interlayer distance of 0.334 nm of (002) orientation which matching with the interlayer distance of normal graphite. The SEM of graphene was showed that thin layered graphene structures with wrinkled shapes. The compositions of graphene consist of carbon and oxygen with atomic percentages 82.75% and 12.01%, respectively. The absorbance spectra using UV-VIS was exibited the graphene suspension and graphene film have two transitions included π-π* and n- π* respectively.

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This study describes how the subject of discrete mathematics can be integrated with programming techniques for the purpose of teaching. Achieving such integration which can be understood easily by the students reminds that this subject is usually taught to the first years of the academic study. Python is one of such programming language which can be easily understood and practiced compared to other language such as C++, java etc. for instance using Python does not require such effort in designing the structure of program. By providing students with a python language they could use to understand both discrete mathematics and programming effectively and efficiently in the most appropriate manner, this reduce difficulties of imagining the logical way of writing programs also give a brilliant way to rise programming skills and give a simple way to study mathematics practically not only theoretically. This paper represent a case study for teaching discrete mathematics using Python programming language to second year students at computer science department - faculty of science, University of Duhok were given practical lectures for inserting python with their theoretical discrete mathematic study.

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The corrosion behavior of Zn in 1 M HCl solution containing various concentration of Urea range (10-3→ 5x 10-3) M at temperature range (285-328) K was investigated. The corrosion inhibitive action of Urea on Zinc metal was studied using weight loss measurement and analytical titration of the amounts of dissolved Zinc in acidic solution in presence and absence of Urea , the results showed that Urea caused to protection efficiency reached to 88% when (50)mM Urea concentration was used . The coverage (θ) of metal surface by Urea could be obtained from the rate of corrosion in the presence and absence of Urea in the acid solution. A linear relationship was found to exist between the value of (C/ θ) and the corresponding Urea concentration (C) indicating that the inhibition action to occur via adsorption mechanism. Changes in the free energy, enthalpy and entropy associated with Urea adsorption have been determined. Apparent energies of activation have been calculated for the corrosion process of Zinc in the acid from corrosion rates and Arrhenius Plots.

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In this paper, The coding performance of the VQ method (which is suggested to code the
output bit-map produced from the AMBTC technique) will be improved by finding an adaptive
method for binary codebook designation which is totally depends on an individual local original
image statistics; that is generate a new codebook for each individual coded binary image (bit-map).
An application of this coding method is that performed on digital video image sequence. In this
paper, we have introduced anew calibration (i.e. adaptive bit-map correlation (ρ)) which must
distinguish between the decoding bit-map using VQ technique and the original bit-map (the output
from the AMBTC method). From the experimental results affixed binary codebook of size 64 code
words, utilizing block of size 4x4, the expected rate will be fall from 2 b/p into 1.375 b/p.

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The present research involved preparation of heterocyclic polyacrylamides using reaction of polyacryloyl chloride with 2-aminobenzothiazole in the presence of a suitable solvent and amount of triethyl amine with heating. After that, Dibutylphthalate (DBP) has been used as a plasticizer for some prepared polymers, this plasticizer has shown a good behaviour toward change of softening point for these polymers, the optimal weight of DBP that must be added to polymer has been estimated by plotting between softening points of polymers with weight of DBP that added to polymers, the method used in this research can be applied to other polymers and other plasticizers to find optimal weight of plasticizer that give minimum softening points.

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In this paper, the computational formula for the generalized characteristic polynomials of graphs and are found. Also, we show the relation between the vertices and edges of the graphs and the coefficients of the characteristic polynomials. Finally, the eigenvalues of the polynomials are computed and their properties are studied

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The purpose of this paper is to present some results concerning the trace of symmetric (

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This work exhibits analytical reformulation of four equations of finite raytracing through quadric surfaces of revolution. This reformulation enhances comprehending the procedure of finite raytracing firmly besides it shows how to obtain these formulas. The equations reformulated in this work clarified that the corresponding ones in [1] were merely typographically incomplete equations

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The rate of uniform convergence for Hermite-Fejer polynomials to any continuous function f(x) in each closed sub-interval of (-1,1) has been given by Schonhage in 1971 by means of estimating the rate of convergence. The present paper deals with the acceleration of convergence and the rate of convergence by improving the estimate given by Schonhage, throughout two parallel ways, firstly, by use of the averaged moduli of smoothness or -moduli that gives much better estimation than that of the moduli of continuity or -moduli. Secondly, by make use of the necessary and sufficient conditions that we borrow from Szego in 1959 together with the well-known Fejer's identity (3.8) and the properties of -moduli in addition to some known results that have been given by Murray Spiegel in 1981 pp299-345.

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